Effects of experimental domestication of silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on vocal behaviour

This paper systematizes and generalizes a research cycle devoted to studying the acoustics and vocal behaviour of silver foxes that differ in their tolerance to humans. The research revealed that 50-year selection for tameness toward people resulted in selective use by Tame foxes toward humans of two call types, pant and cackle. At the same time, the selected for aggression toward people Aggressive foxes and the non-selected for behaviour Control foxes, selectively use toward humans cough and snort. Thus, call types representing vocal indicators of friendly and aggressive behaviour of foxes toward humans have been revealed by the research. Nevertheless, experimental domestication did not change vocal behaviour of foxes toward conspecifics; all three strains did not differ by their vocal behaviour toward same-strain silver foxes. Relationship has been investigated between vocal behaviour and degree of tolerance toward people for hybrids between Tame and Aggressive foxes and for backcrosses to Tame and Aggressive foxes. Effect was estimated between fox sex and the degree of human impact on focal fox for variables of fox vocal behaviour. The research revealed the universal for mammals vocal indicators of emotional arousal that are independent of the emotional valence. Characteristics of vocal behaviour that are related with positive and negative emotional valence have been revealed. A simple and effective method for estimating animal discomfort based on ”joint calls” that takes into account the characteristics of all calls irrespective of their acoustic structure has been revealed. The obtained results provide a basis for further comparative studies of the acoustic structure and vocal behaviour for other taxa of the genus Vulpes and the related canid genera (Canis, Cuon, Lycaon)

Hypoxia-induced factor-1α and markers of inflammation in patients with ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke (IS) occurs as a result of local disturbance of hemocirculation and hypoxia in the brain tissue. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is involved in the regulation of tissue oxygen levels, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of stroke, including neuronal survival, neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, blood-brain barrier permeability, and is important in IS outcomes. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between blood levels of HIF-1α and the degree of neurological deficit in the acute period of IS and the outcome of the disease. We examined 58 people with IS aged 73 (67-81) years. Patients were divided into two groups – discharged and dead. The severity of stroke (NIHSS), neurological deficit, comorbidity index, blood levels of HIF-1α, p53 protein, interleukin-6, cystatin C, CRP, creatinine, hematological parameters were determined at admission, on days 3 and 10 of the disease. At admission the blood levels of HIF-1α was lower than in the comparison group and remained reduced until the 10th day. On day 10 the association of HIF-1α with neurological deficit, comorbidity index and disease outcome was determined. We observed a feedback of HIF-1α with the content of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit, which can be regarded as a reflection of the hemic component of mixed hypoxia. In dead patients, an increased blood level of cystatin C was detected, which was associated with HIF-1α concentrations. In all periods of observation of IS, a correlation between cystatin C and creatinine and CRP levels was noted. These results may indicate dysfunction of endotheliocytes, inflammation associated with hypoxia in IS. The prognostic significance of the blood level of HIF-1α on the 10th day for the outcome of IS was AUC = 0.900. Blood levels of HIF-1α in the acute period was associated with the severity of IS and the outcome of the disease

Synthesis and Testing of Abscisic Acid with Predominant Replacement of Protium Atoms by Tritium in the Cyclohexene Moiety

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. Abstract: A procedure for tritiation of predominantly the cyclohexene moiety of abscisic acid was developed. Tritium was introduced by isotope exchange reaction with 100% tritiated water at 220°C in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. The yield of abscisic acid was 50%, and the specific activity was 30.5 Ci/mmol. The labeled product was tested. It was shown that tritiated abscisic acid synthesized by the proposed method did not differ from the unlabeled precursor and could be used for biological assays

EXPERIENCE OF USING WEBINARS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMS OF ADDITIONAL PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF HYGIENE AND PROFESSIONAL DISEASES WITH A COURSE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY, THERAPEUTIC PHYSICAL TRAINING AND SPORTS MEDICINE

The article is devoted to the experience of conducting webinars for the implementation of programs of additional professional training of doctors at the Department of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases with a course of physiotherapy, exercise therapy and sports medicine of USMU. The main advantages of webinars over traditional forms of teaching are shown, among which the expansion of the geography of the contingent of students is important. The conditions for the successful application of telecommunication technologies in the educational process are given.Рассмотрен опыт проведения вебинаров для реализации программ дополнительного профессионального обучения врачей на кафедре гигиены и профессиональных болезней с курсом физиотерапии, ЛФК и спортивной медицины УГМУ. Показаны основные преимущества вебинаров перед традиционными формами преподавания, в частности расширение географии контингента слушателей. Приведены условия успешного применения телекоммуникационных технологий в образовательном процессе

Bodyplethysmography in the diagnosis of respiratory disorders in workers employed in dusty occupations

The results of body plethysmography in 14 extruders refractories PervouralDinas plant (Sverdlovsk region, Russia), are exposed to harmful production factors (dust, free silica, industrial noise, physical exertion), were examined at the Yekaterinburg MedicalResearchCenter for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workersfor the period 2018-2019.Представлены результаты бодиплетизмографии у 14 прессовщиков огнеупорных изделий Первоуральского динасового завода (Свердловская область, Россия), подвергающихся воздействию вредных производственных факторов (пыли свободного диоксида кремния, производственного шума, физического перенапряжения), находившихся на обследовании в Екатеринбургском медицинском-научном центре профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий за период 2018-2019 гг

Clinical case of occupational chronic manganese intoxication

The purpose of the study is to study the features of the course of chronic occupational manganese intoxication on the example of a clinical case.Цель исследования – изучить особенности течения хронической профессиональной интоксикации марганцем на примере клинического случая

Silicotuberculosis in the presser of refractory products in modern working conditions

The aim of the study – to study and describe the case of silicotuberculosis in a presser of refractory products in modern working conditions.Цель исследования – изучение и описание случая силикотуберкулеза у прессовщика огнеупорных изделий в современных условиях труда

Predictive risk factors before the onset of familial rheumatoid arthritis: the Tatarstan cohort study

BackgroundA familial history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) predisposes an individual to develop RA. This study aimed at investigating factors associated with this conversion from the Tatarstan cohort.MethodsA total of 144 individuals, referred to as pre-RA and at risk for familial RA, were selected 2 years (range: 2–21 years) before conversion to RA and compared to non-converted 328 first-degree relatives (FDR) from RA as assessed after ≥2 years follow-up, and 355 healthy controls were also selected (HC). Preclinical parameters and socio-demographic/individual/HLA genetic factors were analyzed when data were available at the time of enrollment.ResultsAs compared to FDR and HC groups, pre-RA individuals were characterized before conversion to RA by the presence of arthralgia, severe morning symptoms, a lower educational level, and rural location. An association with the HLA-DRB1 SE risk factor was also retrieved with symmetrical arthralgia and passive smoking. On the contrary, alcohol consumption and childlessness in women were protective and associated with the HLA-DRB1*07:01 locus.ConclusionBefore RA onset, a combination of individual and genetic factors characterized those who are at risk of progressing to RA among those with familial RA relatives

Доклиническое изучение фармакокинетики аскорбата лития

We have studied the effects of lithium ascorbate on the Wistar male albino rats using a dose of 1 000 mg/kg. The concentration time curves for whole blood and tissue homogenates of 10 different biological substrates were derived (the brain, the frontal lobe of the brain, heart, aorta, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, adrenals, femoral bone). In the framework of the tubeless analysis of the concentrations in whole blood dynamics the following values of pharmacokinetic parameters of lithium ascorbate were obtained: Cmax=50,59 |±g/l, Tmax=1,50 h, Clast=33,7 |±g/l, AUCt=1 750 |±g/l*h, MRTt = 22,9 h, Lz=0,005 1/h, T1/2=141 h, CL = 0,029 l/h, VD=5,9 l. The concentration of lithium in whole blood and in the frontal lobe of the brain remained stable for at least 40...45 hours after the concentration peak. Multicompartment pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the stabilization of the levels of lithium in the blood and in the brain is supported by a special lithium pool, reportedly consisting of adrenal glands, aorta, femur and brain.Исследовано воздействие аскорбата лития в дозе 1 000 мг/кг на самцах белых крыс линии Вистар. Получены фармакокинетические кривые для цельной крови и гомогенатов тканей 10 различных биосубстратов (головной мозг, лобная доля головного мозга, сердце, аорта, лёгкие, печень, почки, селезёнка, надпочечники, бедренная кость). В рамках бескамерного анализа динамики концентраций в цельной крови получены следующие значения фармакокинетических параметров аскорбата лития: Cmax= 50,59 мкг/л, Tmax= 1,50 ч, Clast=33,7 мкг/л, AUCt=1 750 мкг/лхч, MRTt=22,9 ч, Lz=0,005 1/ч, T1/2=141 ч, CL = 0,029 л/ч, VD=5,9 л. Концентрации лития в цельной крови и в лобной доли головного мозга оставались стабильными в течение, по крайней мере, 40-45 ч после прохождения пика концентрации. Многокамерный фармакокинетический анализ показал, что стабилизация уровней лития в крови и в головном мозге поддерживается за счёт специального «депо» лития, состоящего, вероятно, из надпочечников, аорты, бедренной кости и головного мозга

Label-free characterization of white blood cells using fluorescence lifetime imaging and flow-cytometry: molecular heterogeneity and erythrophagocytosis [Invited]

Article reporting the results of blood cell characterization using label-free fluorescence imaging techniques and flow-cytometry. Autofluorescence parameters of different cell types – white blood cells, red blood cells, erythrophagocytic cells – are assessed and analyzed in terms of molecular heterogeneity and possibilities of differentiation between different cell types in vitro and in vivo