4 research outputs found
Physics and Chemistry of the Hydrogen Fluoride Production Process from Fluorine Containing Waste
The impact of the aluminum industry wastes on the environment is established. The resource efficient method of aluminum industry fluorine-containing wastes processing, which includes wastes oxidizing roasting to remove carbon component and the interaction of fluorine- containing particles with sulfuric acid in order to produce hydrogen fluoride, is considered. The economic and environmental effect of the proposed processing method is substantiated
Π€ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π ΠΠ
It is proposed to use a spent cracking catalyst of petroleum hydrocarbons containing 1 wt.% of rare earth element (REE) oxides as an alternative REE feed source. The study covers the process of removing silicon in the form of ammonium hexafluorosilicate (NH4)2SiF6 by sintering an oil cracking catalyst sample with NH4F and subsequent (NH4)2SiF6 sublimation to produce an aluminum-containing concentrate of rare earth elements. The orthogonal central compositional planning of the experiment was used to study the effect of three factors: sublimation temperature (350 to 400 Β°Π‘), duration (40 to 80 min), and weight of the catalyst fluorinated sintered mass (5 to 10 g) on the (NH4)2SiF6 sublimation completeness. Results obtained in the experiment were used to build a second-order model, which correlate with experimental data. The dynamics of (NH4)2SiF6 sublimation removal was determined for sublimation durations of Ο = 10, 20, 40 and 80 min at processing temperatures of 350, 375 and 400 Β°C. The (NH4)2SiF6 removal degree values calculated based on the second-order model for Ο = 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72, and 76 min fit well the experimental curves. Spectra of fluorinated catalyst samples before and after sublimation were studied using X-ray phase analysis and IR spectroscopy. The data of IR spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis are in good agreement and show that (NH4)2SiF6, (NH4)3AlF6 and unreacted NH4F are present in the catalyst with NH4F sintered mass, and only aluminum compounds are detected β NH4AlF4 and AlF3 after sublimation. These data indicate the completeness of the sublimation removal of silicon from the catalyst and NH4F sintered mass with NH4AlF4 and AlF3 aluminum compounds only observed after sublimation. REE concentration is 15 % due to silicon removal.Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (Π ΠΠ) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π³Π° (ΠΠΠ) ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ 1 ΠΌΠ°Ρ.% ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΠ. ΠΡΠ» ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ β (NH4)2SiF6 β ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Ρ NH4F ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (NH4)2SiF6, Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠ¦ΠΠ) ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²: ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΎΡ 350 Π΄ΠΎ 400 Β°Π‘), Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (ΠΎΡ 40 Π΄ΠΎ 80 ΠΌΠΈΠ½) ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° (ΠΎΡ 5 Π΄ΠΎ 10 Π³) β Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (NH4)2SiF6. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (NH4)2SiF6 Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ο = 10, 20, 40 ΠΈ 80 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ 350, 375 ΠΈ 400 Β°Π‘. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (NH4)2SiF6 Π΄Π»Ρ Ο = 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72 ΠΈ 76 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° (Π Π€Π) ΠΈ ΠΠ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π Π€Π Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠΎ- Π³Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΠ Ρ NH4F ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ (NH4)2SiF6, (NH4)3AlF6 ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠΉ NH4F, Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ β NH4AlF4 ΠΈ AlF3. ΠΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π ΠΠ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 15 %