Modern information resources in education

This article investigates trends in the global educational community. Studied issues of the growing importance of intellectual work, based on the use of information resources on a global scale and the need for the implementation of operational communications between individual professionals, social and professional groups, communities, individuals, community organizations and states. Considers the role of information and communication in the development of society and the mechanisms for creating a single global information space within the world of education. Substantiates the competence to find information and use it in their work, to give a professional assessment of information requirements to the expert any profile

Education system of the world: Modern trends

Global educational environment brings together national education systems of different types and levels vary considerably in philosophical and cultural traditions, the level of goals and objectives, its qualitative state. Therefore, we should talk about today world educational space as forming a single body in the presence of each educational system of global trends and maintaining diversity. Studied issues of the growing importance of intellectual work, based on the use of information resources on a global scale and the need for the implementation of operational communications between individual professionals, social and professional groups, communities, individuals, community organizations and states. Considers the role of information and communication in the development of society and the mechanisms for creating a single global information space within the world of education. Substantiates the competence to find information and use it in their work, to give a professional assessment of information requirements to the expert any profile

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ В МИРЕ

The review presents the worldwide data on the cancer incidence and mortality and risk factors for cancer.В обзоре представлены данные о заболеваемости и смертности от злокачественных новообразований и о факторах риска их развития в различных странах мира

Republican registry of primary immune deficiencies in the chuvash republic and description of postvaccinal immunity disorders in a pregnant patient with common variable immune deficiency

In recent years, primary immunodeficiencies have turned from the class of rare diseases to the category of more common disorders which may be encountered by doctors of any clinical discipline. The first case of primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) in Chuvashia was detected in 1993. Since that time, the Department of Internal Diseases with the Course of Clinical Immunology at the I. Ulyanov Chuvash State University registered all the cases of PID diagnosed in the region, introducing them into the Republican Registry of PID. The study was aimed for searching epidemiological indexes, clinical and laboratory manifestations of PID in Chuvash region. The study was based on the patient data obtained by retrospective analysis of 85 case histories of PID patients, treated at different departments of the Republican Clinical Hospital, and the City Chuvash Pediatric Clinical Hospital of Public Health Ministry in 2000-2019, as well as on 49 outpatient records of the patients included into the Regional PID Registry. Various forms of PIDs were diagnosed according to the criteria developed by the European Society for Immunodeficiency and the Pan-American Group on Immunodeficiency (1999). The results of this study showed that the incidence of PID in the Chuivash Region is 3.4:100,000. The incidence of common variable immune deficiency (CVID), the most common form of PID in the region, was 1.58 per 100,000 population. The average age at the time of CVID diagnosis in Chuvash patients was 30.4±16.1 years, and the age of CVID debut was 11.3±15.0 years. The delay in proper diagnosis from the moment of clinical manifestation of CVID was, on average, 17.9 years in the region. At the time of CVID diagnosis, the patients showed marked decrease in the levels of 3 or 2 immunoglobulin classes (IgG and IgA), and T-helper cell contents (CD3+CD4+) in peripheral blood. Prevalence of selective IgA deficiency with сlinical symptoms was 0.83 per 100,000 population of the region, and the incidence of the asymptomatic form of this PID was 1 : 167. In patients with selective IgA deficiency, there were also disorders in the T cell system manifesting as decreased relative number of cytotoxic T-cells as well as elevated IgG and IgM levels. The age of diagnosis of X-linked agammaglobulinemia in the region was 3.5±3.0 years. In addition to disturbances of humoral adaptive immunity in children with this disease, a decrease in absolute T cell numbers was detected. In conclusion, the article describes disturbances of postvaccinal immunity in a pregnant patient with CVID, with asymptomatic clinical course, thus leading to false interpretation of the serological markers of TORCH infections and wrong strategy of pregnancy management

Course of COVID-19 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Regional Experience

Aim: to study the course of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) using the example of the region of the Republic of Tatarstan.Material and methods. The study included 101 patients diagnosed with IBD and COVID-19, who were observed in two infectious diseases hospitals in Kazan (Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan and City Clinical Hospital No. 7) and on an outpatient basis from April 2020 to March 2022. All patients underwent physical examination, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods, including a PCR test for SARSCoV-2. Chest computed tomography was performed in patients with clinical signs of moderate to severe COVID-19.Results. Ulcerative colitis (UC) was diagnosed in 60 (59.4 %) patients, Crohn's disease (CD) — in 41 (40.6 %) patients. The mean age of the patients was 41.0 ± 14.7 years, of which 59 (58.4 %) were men and 42 (41.6 %) were women. A comparative analysis of patients with and without IBD and CT-verified lung disease was carried out. It was found that the development of viral pneumonia was influenced by age over 55 years (39.2 ± 9.7 vs. 46.3 ± 10.6, p < 0.05), increased Body Mass Index (BMI) (23.1 ± 5.35 vs. 30.25 ± 6.17, p < 0.05), hypertension (6 (8.3 %) vs. 8 (27.6 %), p < 0.05), diabetes mellitus (2 (2.7 %) vs. 5 (17.2 %), p < 0.05), the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of IBD (8 (11.1 %) vs. 10 (34.5 %), p < 0.05). In a comparative analysis of patients with IBD and COVID-19 from the SECURE-IBD database and own data, it was found that the average age of patients was comparable (42.7 vs 41.0). At the same time, in our group of male patients, there were slightly more people with DM, increased BMI, and an active course of IBD. The proportion of hospitalized patients was higher. In our cohort, there were fewer patients receiving biological therapy, but more patients on 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and systemic corticosteroids. At the same time, lethal outcomes were comparable.Conclusion. In patients with IBD, the development of viral pneumonia was influenced by known risk factors for COVID-19: age over 55 years (p < 0.05, odds ratio (OR) 3.153), increased BMI (p < 0.05, OR 1.667), hypertension  (p < 0.05, OR 2.724), diabetes (p < 0.05, OR 1.489), as well as the use of systemic corticosteroids (p < 0.05, OR 1.5)

Thirteen-Year Follow-Up of a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis Resulting from the Overlap Syndrome of Autoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Severe COVID-19 and Liver Transplantation

Aim: to present the difficulties of long-term management of a patient with liver cirrhosis in the outcome of overlap syndrome (autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis) who suffered from severe COVID-19 infection.Key points. The diagnosis of liver cirrhosis as an outcome of overlap syndrome (autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis) was established at the patient’s age of 33 years. At the age of 40, the patient became pregnant for the first time, the pregnancy proceeded well, and a cesarean section was performed at 36 weeks. At the age of 45, the patient suffered a severe new coronavirus infection, followed by decompensation of liver cirrhosis, which required liver transplantation 4 months after COVID-19, followed by a favorable postoperative course.Conclusion. This clinical case demonstrates the successful onset and outcome of pregnancy in a patient with liver cirrhosis in the outcome of overlap syndrome (autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis). The pronounced activity of the disease after severe new coronavirus infection required liver transplantation with successful outcome

ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ В СИБИРСКОМ И ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОМ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫХ ОКРУГАХ

The purpose of the study was to analyze the cancer incidence among the population living in siberia and Russian Far East. material and methods. cancer incidence and mortality data collected from populationbased cancer registries of the Russian cancer statistics, covering the period 2005–2018, were used. the crude and age-standardized cancer incidence rates were analyzed. Results. During the study period, 1 336 260 new cases of cancer were diagnosed in the regions of siberia and Russian Far East. Of them, 77.2 % new cancer cases were registered in the siberian Federal District. the highest percent of increase in the number of cancer cases in the siberian Federal District was observed in the republics of Khakassia (84.8 %), tuva (61.9 %), Buryatia (52.8 %), and Krasnoyarsk Krai (82.4 %). In the Far Eastern Federal District, the highest cancer incidence rates were registered in the sakhalin Region (43.6 %) and Kamchatka Krai (41.8 %). the average age of patients in 2018 was 55.7 years (57.9 years for men and 53.7 years for women) compared to 57.4, 59.1 and 55.9 years, respectively in 2005. Lung cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men (19.5 %), whereas cancer of the female reproductive system was the most prevalent in women (38.4 %). the highest age-standardized cancer incidence rates in the siberian Federal District in 2018 were observed in the Irkutsk region, altai and Krasnoyarsk territories. In the Far Eastern Federal District, the highest agestandardized cancer incidence rates were observed in the sakhalin and Magadan regions. Conclusion. the number of new cancer cases and age-standardized cancer incidence rate were shown to increase in siberia and Russian Far East. the average age of men and women diagnosed with cancer decreased. the percent of increase in the age-standardized cancer incidence rate was higher in women than in men. Many of the most prevalent cancers were associated with the «westernized lifestyle» of developed countries.Цель исследования – анализ заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями (ЗНО) населения, проживающего на 20 территориях Сибирского и Дальневосточного федеральных округов (СФО и ДФО). Материал и методы. Использованы данные канцер-регистров территорий в 2005–2018 гг. и Федеральной службы государственной статистики РФ о численности и поло-возрастном составе населения. Проведен анализ экстенсивных, стандартизованных показателей. Результаты. За период исследования на территориях округов диагностировано 1 336 260 новых случаев ЗНО, из них 77,2 % – в СФО. Наибольший темп роста числа больных в СФО отмечался в республиках Хакасия (84,8 %), Тыва (61,9 %), Бурятия (52,8 %), Красноярском крае (82,4 %), в ДФО – в Сахалинской области (43,6 %) и Камчатском крае (41,8 %). Средний возраст заболевших в 2018 г. составил 55,7 года, для мужчин – 57,9, для женщин – 53,7 года, что меньше, чем в 2005 г. (57,4, 59,1 и 55,9 года соответственно). В структуре онкозаболеваемости мужского населения округов преобладал рак легкого (19,5 %), у женщин – опухоли органов репродуктивной системы (38,4 %). Наибольший стандартизованный показатель заболеваемости в 2018 г. в СФО регистрировался в Иркутской области, Алтайском и Красноярском краях, в ДФО – в Сахалинской и Магаданской областях. Заключение. В регионе наблюдался рост числа заболевших ЗНО и стандартизованного показателя заболеваемости. Средний возраст заболевших мужчин и женщин в регионе уменьшился («омоложение» рака). Темп прироста стандартизованного показателя ЗНО выше в женской популяции. В регионе отмечался рост показателей заболеваемости теми видами рака, одним из факторов риска которых является «западный» образ жизни

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ РАКА ГЛОТКИ В ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of pharyngeal cancer in the Tomsk region for the period between 2007 and 2015. Approximately 27 new cases of pharyngeal cancer are annually diagnosed in the region. Between 2007 and 2015, the pharyngeal cancer incidence in males was reported to be higher (80.9 %) than in females. The incidence rate of oropharyngeal cancer was 73.4 %. This incidence rate was not stable over time, and it was 2.2 per 100,000 population in 2015. In 2015, the pharyngeal cancer incidence in the Tomsk region was the highest in the Siberian Federal District (2.3 compared to 0.4) The pharyngeal cancer incidence was higher in rural than urban areas. High percentage of patients with advanced-stage disease and one-year mortality was registered in the region.Цель работы – оценить эпидемиологическую ситуацию в Томской области по раку глотки, достаточно редкому злокачественному новообразованию, но имеющему большое социальное значение.Материал и методы. В основе исследования отчетные формы территориального онкологического диспансера и территориального органа государственной статистики за 2007–2015 гг. Результаты. В среднем за год в области выявляется около 27 случаев рака глотки. Заболевание чаще диагностируется у мужчин (80,9 %). На долю опухолей ротоглотки приходится 73,4 %. В течение времени показатель заболеваемости нестабилен, в 2015 г. он составил 2,2 (ДИ 1,4–2,9) на 100 тыс. населения. Заболеваемость раком ротоглотки в 2015 г. в области – одна из самых высоких в Сибирском федеральном округе (2,3 и 0,4 соответственно). Распространенность заболевания в сельских административных районах выше, чем в городских поселениях. В области имеются проблемы в оказании онкологической помощи данной категории больных (высокая запущенность и одногодичная летальность)