38,887 research outputs found
The End Game of Deregulation: Myopic Risk Management and the Next Catastrophe
By using the Kingston Fossil Fuel Plant’s spill into the Emory River as a case study, this article offers several explanations for why the twentieth century dynamic of crisis and reform has disappeared in the early twenty-first century. In Part I, it is argued that regulated industries dominate regulatory debates on Capitol Hill and at the federal agencies to an unprecedented extent. Part II examines what is known about the Kingston spill and the implications of that information for recurrence of such events. Part III explains how the EPA and Congress responded to this disaster, highlighting how politics driven by a deregulatory ideology eventually took over the EPA’s science-based rulemaking process. Part IV offers suggestions for rebuilding regulatory agencies like the EPA and for restoring public trust in government.The Kay Bailey Hutchison Center for Energy, Law, and Busines
Field-reversed bubble in deep plasma channels for high quality electron acceleration
We study hollow plasma channels with smooth boundaries for laser-driven
electron acceleration in the bubble regime. Contrary to the uniform plasma
case, the laser forms no optical shock and no etching at the front. This
increases the effective bubble phase velocity and energy gain. The longitudinal
field has a plateau that allows for mono-energetic acceleration. We observe as
low as 10^{-3} r.m.s. relative witness beam energy uncertainty in each
cross-section and 0.3% total energy spread. By varying plasma density profile
inside a deep channel, the bubble fields can be adjusted to balance the laser
depletion and dephasing lengths. Bubble scaling laws for the deep channel are
derived. Ultra-short pancake-like laser pulses lead to the highest energies of
accelerated electrons per Joule of laser pulse energy
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Workers at Risk: Regulatory Dysfunction at OSHA
This white paper explores the causes of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)’s regulatory dysfunctions and describes their negative impacts on OSHA and America’s Workers. With the decreasing power of unions to organize and press employers to implement strong health and safety programs, employees in every occupation rely on OSHA to protect them from occupational hazards. Yet, in the last decade, OSHA has dropped more standards from its regulatory agenda than it has finalized, largely due to insufficient budge authority. And the agency’s enforcement program has assessed such paltry fines for even fatality-related violations of the law that many employers see no incentive in addressing hazards, much less developing precautionary health and safety programs.
After describing OSHA’s problems in detail, this paper outlines a number of reforms that could enhance the agency’s performance. Although certain aspects of the Occupational Safety and Health Act could use improvement, the recommendations in this paper focus on regulatory reform—administrative actions that OSHA could implement in the short term.The Kay Bailey Hutchison Center for Energy, Law, and Busines
Spin-filtering by field dependent resonant tunneling
We consider theoretically transport in a spinfull one-channel interacting
quantum wire placed in an external magnetic field. For the case of two
point-like impurities embedded in the wire, under a small voltage bias the
spin-polarized current occurs at special points in the parameter space, tunable
by a single parameter. At sufficiently low temperatures complete
spin-polarization may be achieved, provided repulsive interaction between
electrons is not too strong.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Electromagnetic Contributions to the Schiff Moment
The Schiff moment, \smij, is a parity and time reversal violating
fermion-fermion coupling. The nucleus-electron Schiff moment generically gives
the most important contribution to the electric dipole moments of atoms and
molecules with zero net intrinsic electronic spin and nuclear spin . Here, the electromagnetic contribution to the Schiff moment, \emij, is
considered. For a nucleon, the leading chirally violating contribution to this
interaction is calculable in the chiral limit in terms of the parity and time
reversal violating pion-nucleon coupling. For the Schiff moment of heavy
nuclei, this chiral contribution is somewhat smaller than the finite size
effect discussed previously in the literature.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure (not included), Tex file, requires phyzzx, preprint
SCIPP 93/4
Effect of the Coriolis Force on the Hydrodynamics of Colliding Wind Binaries
Using fully three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, we investigate the
effect of the Coriolis force on the hydrodynamic and observable properties of
colliding wind binary systems. To make the calculations tractable, we assume
adiabatic, constant velocity winds. The neglect of radiative driving,
gravitational deceleration, and cooling limit the application of our models to
real systems. However, these assumptions allow us to isolate the effect of the
Coriolis force, and by simplifying the calculations, allow us to use a higher
resolution (up to 640^3) and to conduct a larger survey of parameter space. We
study the dynamics of collidng winds with equal mass loss rates and velocities
emanating from equal mass stars on circular orbits, with a range of values for
the ratio of the wind to orbital velocity. We also study the dynamics of winds
from stars on elliptical orbits and with unequal strength winds. Orbital motion
of the stars sweeps the shocked wind gas into an Archimedean spiral, with
asymmetric shock strengths and therefore unequal postshock temperatures and
densities in the leading and trailing edges of the spiral. We observe the
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the contact surface between the shocked winds
in systems with orbital motion even when the winds are identical. The change in
shock strengths caused by orbital motion increases the volume of X-ray emitting
post-shock gas with T > 0.59 keV by 63% for a typical system as the ratio of
wind velocity to orbital velocity decreases to V_w/V_o = 2.5. This causes
increased free-free emission from systems with shorter orbital periods and an
altered time-dependence of the wind attenuation. We comment on the importance
of the effects of orbital motion on the observable properties of colliding wind
binaries.Comment: 12 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
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