Short Wavelength Analysis of the Evolution of Perturbations in a Two-component Cosmological Fluid

The equations describing a two-component cosmological fluid with linearized density perturbations are investigated in the small wavelength or large $k$ limit. The equations are formulated to include a baryonic component, as well as either a hot dark matter (HDM) or cold dark matter (CDM) component. Previous work done on such a system in static spacetime is extended to reveal some interesting physical properties, such as the Jeans wavenumber of the mixture, and resonant mode amplitudes. A WKB technique is then developed to study the expanding universe equations in detail, and to see whether such physical properties are also of relevance in this more realistic scenario. The Jeans wavenumber of the mixture is re-interpreted for the case of an expanding background spacetime. The various modes are obtained to leading order, and the amplitudes of the modes are examined in detail to compare to the resonances observed in the static spacetime results. It is found that some conclusions made in the literature about static spacetime results cannot be carried over to an expanding cosmology.Comment: 42 pages, 12 figure

Chiral fermions and torsion in the early Universe

Torsion arising from fermionic matter in the Einstein-Cartan formulation of general relativity is considered in the context of Robertson-Walker geometries and the early Universe. An ambiguity in the way torsion arising from hot fermionic matter in chiral models should be implemented is highlighted and discussed. In one interpretation, chemical potentials in chiral models can contribute to the Friedmann equation and give a negative contribution to the energy density.Comment: 5 pages revtex4; error in v1 corrected

НЕОАДЪЮВАНТНАЯ ПОЛИХИМИОТЕРАПИЯ С РАДИКАЛЬНОЙ ЦИСТЭКТОМИЕЙ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ МЫШЕЧНО-ИНВАЗИВНОГО РАКА МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ

The results of the combined treatment of 36 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy with Gemzar + Cisplatin. The control group included 167 patients who underwent surgical treatment. In multivariate statistical analysis found that the use neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy significantly improves long-term results of treatment at a moderate degree of tumor differentiation (G2), bladder cancer II stage, in the absence of lymph node involvement (N0) and in patients younger than 65 years. Представлены результаты комбинированного лечения 36 больных мышечно-инвазивным раком мочевого пузыря, получавших неоадъювантную полихимиотерапию (НАПХТ) по схеме гемзар + цисплатин. В контрольную группу включено 167 больных, которым проводилось хирургическое лечение. При многофакторном статистическом анализе установлено, что применение НАПХТ значимо улучшает отдаленные результаты лечения при умеренной степени дифференцировки опухоли (G2), при РМП II стадии, при отсутствии поражения лимфоузлов (N0) и у пациентов моложе 65 лет

Constraints on the CMB Temperature Evolution using Multi-Band Measurements of the Sunyaev Zel'dovich Effect with the South Pole Telescope

The adiabatic evolution of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is a key prediction of standard cosmology. We study deviations from the expected adiabatic evolution of the CMB temperature of the form $T(z) =T_0(1+z)^{1-\alpha}$ using measurements of the spectrum of the Sunyaev Zel'dovich Effect with the South Pole Telescope (SPT). We present a method for using the ratio of the Sunyaev Zel'dovich signal measured at 95 and 150 GHz in the SPT data to constrain the temperature of the CMB. We demonstrate that this approach provides unbiased results using mock observations of clusters from a new set of hydrodynamical simulations. We apply this method to a sample of 158 SPT-selected clusters, spanning the redshift range $0.05 < z < 1.35$, and measure $\alpha = 0.017^{+0.030}_{-0.028}$, consistent with the standard model prediction of $\alpha=0$. In combination with other published results, we constrain $\alpha = 0.011 \pm 0.016$, an improvement of $\sim 20\%$ over published constraints. This measurement also provides a strong constraint on the effective equation of state in models of decaying dark energy $w_\mathrm{eff} = -0.987^{+0.016}_{-0.017}$.Comment: Submitted to MNRAS Letter

NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY WITH RADICAL CYSTECTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF MUSCLE-INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER

The results of the combined treatment of 36 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy with Gemzar + Cisplatin. The control group included 167 patients who underwent surgical treatment. In multivariate statistical analysis found that the use neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy significantly improves long-term results of treatment at a moderate degree of tumor differentiation (G2), bladder cancer II stage, in the absence of lymph node involvement (N0) and in patients younger than 65 years

Interfacing Living Unicellular Algae Cells with Biocompatible Polyelectrolyte-Stabilised Magnetic Nanoparticles

Green algae are a promising platform for the development of biosensors and bioelectronic devices. Here we report a reliable single-step technique for the functionalisation of living unicellular green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa with biocompatible 15nm superparamagnetic nanoparticles stabilised with poly(allylamine hydrochloride). The magnetised algae cells can be manipulated and immobilised using external permanent magnets. The distribution of the nanoparticles on the cell walls of C. pyrenoidosa was studied by optical and fluorescence microscopy, TEM, SEM and EDX spectroscopy. The viability and the magnetic properties of the magnetised algae are studied in comparison with the native cells. The technique may find a number of potential applications in biotechnology and bioelectronics