Prevalence of metabolic syndrome: a comparative analysis in an unselected sample of mediterranean subjects.

Abstract AIM: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. This study aimed to compare the difference of the three established diagnostic criteria of MS, developed by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), American Heart Association (AHA) and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and International Diabetes Federation (IDF), with regard to the prevalence of the syndrome and the ability to correctly identify individuals with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease or subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS: We studied 947 consecutive patients underwent clinical evaluation between the 1997-2002. The project design included a medical assessment, biochemical analyses and the ecocolordoppler examination of carotid arteries. RESULTS: The MS prevalence was 37% in ATPIII subjects, 36% in AHA/NHLBI subjects and 43% in IDF subjects. Excluding patients with diabetes (N.=259), the MS prevalence ranged from 32% (ATPIII and AHA/NHLBI subjects) and 40% (IDF subjects). By most criteria, MS-positive subjects had significant incidence of carotid atherosclerosis (P<0.05) and cardiovascular events (P<0.05) than MS-negative subjects, but not cerebrovascular events. Finally, patients with MS had higher serum levels of fibrinogen (P<0.04). CONCLUSION: Subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events were increased in presence of the MS, irrespective of the several definitions

Gene expression during normal and FSHD myogenesis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a dominant disease linked to contraction of an array of tandem 3.3-kb repeats (D4Z4) at 4q35. Within each repeat unit is a gene, <it>DUX4</it>, that can encode a protein containing two homeodomains. A <it>DUX4 </it>transcript derived from the last repeat unit in a contracted array is associated with pathogenesis but it is unclear how.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using exon-based microarrays, the expression profiles of myogenic precursor cells were determined. Both undifferentiated myoblasts and myoblasts differentiated to myotubes derived from FSHD patients and controls were studied after immunocytochemical verification of the quality of the cultures. To further our understanding of FSHD and normal myogenesis, the expression profiles obtained were compared to those of 19 non-muscle cell types analyzed by identical methods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Many of the ~17,000 examined genes were differentially expressed (> 2-fold, <it>p </it>< 0.01) in control myoblasts or myotubes vs. non-muscle cells (2185 and 3006, respectively) or in FSHD vs. control myoblasts or myotubes (295 and 797, respectively). Surprisingly, despite the morphologically normal differentiation of FSHD myoblasts to myotubes, most of the disease-related dysregulation was seen as dampening of normal myogenesis-specific expression changes, including in genes for muscle structure, mitochondrial function, stress responses, and signal transduction. Other classes of genes, including those encoding extracellular matrix or pro-inflammatory proteins, were upregulated in FSHD myogenic cells independent of an inverse myogenesis association. Importantly, the disease-linked <it>DUX4 </it>RNA isoform was detected by RT-PCR in FSHD myoblast and myotube preparations only at extremely low levels. Unique insights into myogenesis-specific gene expression were also obtained. For example, all four Argonaute genes involved in RNA-silencing were significantly upregulated during normal (but not FSHD) myogenesis relative to non-muscle cell types.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>DUX4</it>'s pathogenic effect in FSHD may occur transiently at or before the stage of myoblast formation to establish a cascade of gene dysregulation. This contrasts with the current emphasis on toxic effects of experimentally upregulated <it>DUX4 </it>expression at the myoblast or myotube stages. Our model could explain why <it>DUX4</it>'s inappropriate expression was barely detectable in myoblasts and myotubes but nonetheless linked to FSHD.</p

A prospective survey in European Society of Cardiology member countries of atrial fibrillation management: baseline results of EURO bservational Research Programme Atrial Fibrillation (EORP-AF) Pilot General Registry

Aims: Given the advances in atrial fibrillation (AF) management and the availability of new European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines, there is a need for the systematic collection of contemporary data regarding the management and treatment of AF in ESC member countries. Methods and results: We conducted a registry of consecutive in- and outpatients with AF presenting to cardiologists in nine participating ESC countries. All patients with an ECG-documented diagnosis of AF confirmed in the year prior to enrolment were eligible. We enroled a total of 3119 patients from February 2012 to March 2013, with full data on clinical subtype available for 3049 patients (40.4% female; mean age 68.8 years). Common comorbidities were hypertension, coronary disease, and heart failure. Lone AF was present in only 3.9% (122 patients). Asymptomatic AF was common, particularly among those with permanent AF. Amiodarone was the most common antiarrhythmic agent used (~20%), while beta-blockers and digoxin were the most used rate control drugs. Oral anticoagulants (OACs) were used in 80% overall, most often vitamin K antagonists (71.6%), with novel OACs being used in 8.4%. Other antithrombotics (mostly antiplatelet therapy, especially aspirin) were still used in one-third of the patients, and no antithrombotic treatment in only 4.8%. Oral anticoagulants were used in 56.4% of CHA 2DS2-VASc = 0, with 26.3% having no antithrombotic therapy. A high HAS-BLED score was not used to exclude OAC use, but there was a trend towards more aspirin use in the presence of a high HAS-BLED score. Conclusion: The EURObservational Research Programme Atrial Fibrillation (EORP-AF) Pilot Registry has provided systematic collection of contemporary data regarding the management and treatment of AF by cardiologists in ESC member countries. Oral anticoagulant use has increased, but novel OAC use was still low. Compliance with the treatment guidelines for patients with the lowest and higher stroke risk scores remains suboptimal. © The Author 2013

La struttura abitativa-ricettiva-ecologica della città-natura

Il sistema Rete-Recupero- Urbsturismo è caratterizzato da una contemporaneità di azioni, progetti e interventi innovativi, fondato su un nuovo modo di abitare e di innovare gli stili di vita che solo il tempo di vacanza consente per ore di sperimentare. Partendo da un'idea di turiamo si scopre così un nuovo modo di essere della città stessa. Attraverso città-fantasma e rifiuti urbani della civiltà ipertecnologica va emergendo una rete abitativa spazialmente discontinua che porta all'emersione di un nuovo fenomeno urbano ancora tutto da decifrare. Proprio le connessioni abitative - fondamento strutturante la città -contribuiscono a costituire le connessioni di base tra le istituzioni umane e le nascenti nuove istituzioni collettive della città-natura di oggi

Ripartenze: percezioni della ricchezza del progetto

Il mondo della città-natura, inteso come genealogia della ricchezza e dei valori

Costruire le identità degli architetti tra scuola e pratiche reali

La situazione attuale è una distanza siderale tra il sistema delle grandi firma dell'architettura e delle immagini collettive che è in grado di realizzare e le possibilità e capacità di un architetto comune. Ma questo "architetto comune" come può essere formato e valutato? Quale la sua committenza? Quali gli spazi di esplorazione e scoperta? Quali le posibili realizzazioni? O dobbiamo ritenere che non ci sia più spazio e necessità di costruire "architettura comune"

"ARCHITETTURE E CULTURE VISSUTE DELLA MODERNITA'. Leggere i Testi. Leggere la città"

Coordinamento ciclo di seminari didattici corso di Architettura e Composizione architettonica III + Lab. progettuale, a.a.2011/12. 13 gennaio 2012 _ "Architettura e modernità. Dal Bauhaus alla rivoluzione informatica" relazioni di A. Saggio, A. Sichenze, L. Lanini, I. Macaione, E. Vadini 19 gennaio 2012 _ "Frammenti di altre realtà", relazioni di R. Galante, G. Maragn