On the Difference in Action of the Laser Light with Wavelength Near 2mm on Biotissue in Gas and Water Media

It is shown that unlike action in the air environment, section of the biotissue in the water environment (physiological solution) is performed by the steam-gas stream which is formed as a result of superintensive boiling in thin (about 0.1 mm) a liquid layer in which absorbed laser radiation. Coagulation of the biotissue, adjacent to a section, happens due to heat which is produced via vapor condensation. Keywords: laser radiation in urology, a laser enucleation of the BPH, laser removal of the bladder cancer

Flame front propagation IV: Random Noise and Pole-Dynamics in Unstable Front Propagation II

The current paper is a corrected version of our previous paper arXiv:adap-org/9608001. Similarly to previous version we investigate the problem of flame propagation. This problem is studied as an example of unstable fronts that wrinkle on many scales. The analytic tool of pole expansion in the complex plane is employed to address the interaction of the unstable growth process with random initial conditions and perturbations. We argue that the effect of random noise is immense and that it can never be neglected in sufficiently large systems. We present simulations that lead to scaling laws for the velocity and acceleration of the front as a function of the system size and the level of noise, and analytic arguments that explain these results in terms of the noisy pole dynamics.This version corrects some very critical errors made in arXiv:adap-org/9608001 and makes more detailed description of excess number of poles in system, number of poles that appear in the system in unit of time, life time of pole. It allows us to understand more correctly dependence of the system parameters on noise than in arXiv:adap-org/9608001Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures,revised, version accepted for publication in journal "Combustion, Explosion and Shock Waves". arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:nlin/0302021, arXiv:adap-org/9608001, arXiv:nlin/030201

Laser Printing of Gel Microdrops with Living Cells and Microorganisms

We report the results of experiments on laser printing (wavelength λ=1064 nm) with gel microdrops acting as carriers of living microbial and cellular objects. The dynamics of transport processes with the help of high-speed optical video was studied, which allows to determine characteristics of the formed gel jets and to optimize the operating mode of the laser. It is shown that laser pulses of 4 to 20 ns duration and energy E ≤ 20 μJ should be used to minimize the negative effect on living systems. The results can be used to optimize the technologies of cellular printing and laser engineering of microbial systems (LEMS). LEMS technology is used to isolate hard-cultivated and non-cultivated by classical methods of microorganisms that can act as producers of new biologically active substances and antibiotics. Keywords: laser printing, gel, microdrop, living cell, microbia

Extended Emission from Short Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected with SPI-ACS/INTEGRAL

The short duration (T90 < 2 s) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected in the SPI-ACS experiment onboard the INTEGRAL observatory are investigated. Averaged light curves have been constructed for various groups of events, including short GRBs and unidentified short events. Extended emission has been found in the averaged light curves of both short GRBs and unidentified short events. It is shown that the fraction of the short GRBs in the total number of SPI-ACS GRBs can range from 30 to 45%, which is considerably larger than has been thought previously.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figure

Test of an LED Monitoring System for the PHOS Spectrometer

Preprint submitted to Elsevier Print on 26th January 2000A prototype monitoring system for the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS) of the ALICE experiment at LHC is described in detail. The prototype consists of Control and Master modules. The first one is 8x8 matrix of Light Emitting Diodes coupled with stable generators of current pulses. The system provides an individual control for each of the 64 channels of PHOS prototype based on lead-tungstate crystals. A long term stability of order of 10-3 has been achieved in integral beam tests of the monitoring system and PHOS prototypes

Analysis of symmetries in models of multi-strain infections

In mathematical studies of the dynamics of multi-strain diseases caused by antigenically diverse pathogens, there is a substantial interest in analytical insights. Using the example of a generic model of multi-strain diseases with cross-immunity between strains, we show that a significant understanding of the stability of steady states and possible dynamical behaviours can be achieved when the symmetry of interactions between strains is taken into account. Techniques of equivariant bifurcation theory allow one to identify the type of possible symmetry-breaking Hopf bifurcation, as well as to classify different periodic solutions in terms of their spatial and temporal symmetries. The approach is also illustrated on other models of multi-strain diseases, where the same methodology provides a systematic understanding of bifurcation scenarios and periodic behaviours. The results of the analysis are quite generic, and have wider implications for understanding the dynamics of a large class of models of multi-strain diseases

ВЫБОР ДНК МАТРИЦЫ ДЛЯ ОБОСНОВАНИЯ ПОРОГОВОГО УРОВНЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИ НЕУСТРАНИМЫХ ПРИМЕСЕЙ МЯСА ПТИЦЫ В ГОТОВОЙ МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ

 Differentiation between adulteration and accidental meat raw material contamination in meat industry enterprises that carry out the combined processing of slaughtering products from farm animals and poultry is necessary to establish a threshold of technically non-removable impurities. Justification of the thresholds, e.g. for chicken meat, requires determination of the target analytical matrix, which content in meat raw material is stable. In the Russian certified methods, the species-specific DNA matrix for chickens is a multi-copy gene of cytochrome B in mitochondrial DNA. Taking into consideration that mitochondrial DNA copy number can depend on a muscle fiber type, animal age, and other factors, the effectiveness of using multi-copy mitochondrial genes for quantifying the poultry content in meat products was justified in this study. Analysis of the samples from the pectoral and hip muscles of three chicken carcasses and one duck carcass obtained from different manufacturers showed that the poultry pectoral and hip muscles contained approximately equal amounts of mitochondrial DNA, which allows its use as a matrix to justify the level of technically non-removable chicken impurities in finished meat products.  Дифференциация факта фальсификации от случайной перекрестной контаминации сырья на предприятиях мясной промышленности, осуществляющих совместную переработку продуктов убоя сельскохозяйственных животных и птицы, необходима для установления порогового уровня технически неустранимой примеси. Обоснование пороговых значений, например, мяса кур, требует определения целевой аналитической матрицы, содержание которой в мясном сырье стабильно. В российских аттестованных методиках видоспецифической матрицей выявления ДНК кур является многокопийный ген митохондриальной ДНК цитохрома Б. Учитывая, что копийность митохондриальной ДНК может зависеть от типа мышечных волокон, возраста животных и других факторов в данном исследовании обоснована эффективность использования многокопийных митохондриальных генов для квантификации содержания мяса птицы в мясных продуктах. Исследование проб мяса 3 образцов тушек кур разных производителей и 1 образца тушки утки, выделенных из грудных и бедренных мышц показало, что в грудных и бедренных мышцах сельскохозяйственных птиц содержится приблизительно равное количество митохондриальной ДНК, что позволяет ее использовать в качестве матрицы для обоснования уровня технически неустранимой примеси готовой мясной продукции мясом кур.