Revitalização do sistema de cooperação do consumidor na Rússia; desenvolvimento sustentável do território e crescimento da qualidade de vida

The system of consumer cooperation has a certain potential in solving national problems related to the provision of employment and the quality of life of the population, as well as to the social reorganization of the village. The study shows that the cooperative system is characterized by the complementarity of traits (social and economic), the dialectical interaction of which serves as the basis for the formation of civil society (self-organization and voluntary cooperation of shareholders in the process of production and economic activity) and a peculiar locomotive of the evolution of society towards building socially-oriented market economy (non-commercial nature of activities and humanistic values). However, the emerging trend of losing the competitive positions of the consumer cooperative system in the regional consumer markets in Russia leads to an awareness of the need for institutional changes that would make it possible to fully utilize the economic and social potential of the development of consumer cooperation in the context of the structural transformation of Russian society. The authors offer practical recommendations on the design and formation of effective forms of management of economic entities in the cooperative sector. Complex nature of the economic resource requires its inclusion in the correlation algorithm of proactive management. Simulation of sustainable innovation development of the regional system of consumer cooperation is possible only using optimization-qualimetric modeling on the platform of the software product. Computer technologies create objective opportunities for creating the required model. The integrated computer space is able to rework the network of mathematical matrices, building a complete life cycle of an economic resource, consisting not only of collecting and analyzing information, but also the possibility of making operational management decisions.El sistema de cooperación del consumidor tiene cierto potencial para resolver los problemas nacionales relacionados con la provisión de empleo y la calidad de vida de la población, así como con la reorganización social de la aldea. El estudio muestra que el sistema cooperativo se caracteriza por la complementariedad de rasgos (sociales y económicos), cuya interacción dialéctica sirve de base para la formación de la sociedad civil (autoorganización y cooperación voluntaria de los accionistas en el proceso de producción económica) y una locomotora peculiar de la evolución de la sociedad hacia la construcción de una economía de mercado orientada socialmente (naturaleza no comercial de las actividades y valores humanísticos). Sin embargo, la tendencia emergente de perder las posiciones competitivas del sistema de cooperativas de consumo en los mercados de consumo regionales en Rusia lleva a una conciencia de la necesidad de cambios institucionales que permitan aprovechar plenamente el potencial económico y social del desarrollo del consumidor. Los autores ofrecen recomendaciones prácticas sobre el diseño y la formación de formas efectivas de gestión de entidades económicas en el sector cooperativo.  La naturaleza compleja del recurso económico requiere su inclusión en el algoritmo de correlación de la gestión proactiva. La simulación del desarrollo de innovación sostenible del sistema regional de cooperación del consumidor solo es posible mediante el uso del modelado optimizado y cualimétrico en la plataforma del producto de software. Las tecnologías informáticas crean oportunidades objetivas para crear el modelo requerido. El espacio informático integrado es capaz de volver a trabajar la red de matrices matemáticas, creando un ciclo de vida completo de un recurso económico, que consiste no solo en recopilar y analizar información, sino también en la posibilidad de tomar decisiones de gestión operativa.O sistema de cooperação do consumidor tem algum potencial para resolver problemas nacionais relacionados com a oferta de emprego e a qualidade de vida da população, bem como a reorganização social da aldeia. O estudo mostra que o sistema cooperativo é caracterizado pela complementaridade de características (sociais e econômicas), cuja interação dialética serve de base para a formação da sociedade civil (auto-organização e cooperação voluntária dos acionistas no processo de produção econômica) e uma locomotiva peculiar à evolução da sociedade para a construção de uma economia de mercado socialmente orientada (natureza não comercial de atividades e valores humanísticos). No entanto, a tendência emergente de perder as posições competitivas do sistema cooperativo de consumo nos mercados consumidores regionais da Rússia leva à conscientização da necessidade de mudanças institucionais que permitam a plena exploração do potencial econômico e social do desenvolvimento do consumidor. Os autores oferecem recomendações práticas sobre a concepção e formação de formas eficazes de gestão de entidades econômicas no setor cooperativo. A natureza complexa do recurso econômico requer sua inclusão no algoritmo de correlação do gerenciamento proativo. A simulação do desenvolvimento da inovação sustentável do sistema regional de cooperação do consumidor só é possível através do uso de modelagem otimizada e qualitativa na plataforma de produtos de software. As tecnologias computacionais criam oportunidades objetivas para criar o modelo necessário. O espaço computacional integrado é capaz de retrabalhar a rede de matrizes matemáticas, criando um ciclo de vida completo de um recurso econômico, que consiste não apenas em coletar e analisar informações, mas também na possibilidade de tomar decisões de gerenciamento operacional

Shape memory effect and superelasticity in single crystals of iron-based alloys

It was demonstrated that in single crystals of disordered iron-based (Fe-28%Ni-17%Co-11.5%Al-2.5%Х (at. %) (X = Ti, Ta, Ti + Ta) alloys, which undergoing γ-α' thermoelastic martensitic transformation (γ – fcc – face-centered cubic lattice, α' – bct – body-centered tetragonal lattice), the precipitation of ordered γ'-phase particles at aged at 973 K for 0.5 h and 7 h results in the shape memory effect and superelasticity. It was experimentally discovered, that the both mechanical and functional properties – the shape memory effect and superelasticity – can be controlled by changing the chemical composition, the size and the volume fraction of dispersed particles of γ'-phase

The nucleotide addition cycle of RNA polymerase is controlled by two molecular hinges in the Bridge Helix domain

Abstract Background Cellular RNA polymerases (RNAPs) are complex molecular machines that combine catalysis with concerted conformational changes in the active center. Previous work showed that kinking of a hinge region near the C-terminus of the Bridge Helix (BH-HC) plays a critical role in controlling the catalytic rate. Results Here, new evidence for the existence of an additional hinge region in the amino-terminal portion of the Bridge Helix domain (BH-HN) is presented. The nanomechanical properties of BH-HN emerge as a direct consequence of the highly conserved primary amino acid sequence. Mutations that are predicted to influence its flexibility cause corresponding changes in the rate of the nucleotide addition cycle (NAC). BH-HN displays functional properties that are distinct from BH-HC, suggesting that conformational changes in the Bridge Helix control the NAC via two independent mechanisms. Conclusions The properties of two distinct molecular hinges in the Bridge Helix of RNAP determine the functional contribution of this domain to key stages of the NAC by coordinating conformational changes in surrounding domains.</p

Два подхода к расчёту расчленения гидрографа стока реки с ледниковым питанием с помощью изотопных методов

Application of the stable isotope method in the balance equations used to calculate separation of the runoff hydrograph from the Djankuat Glacier basin is demonstrated. Simultaneous solution of equations of water, isotope and ion balances is applied to estimate contributions of different components and processes to formation of the Djankuat River runoff regime. For June 2014, we made calculations for the purpose to separate contributions of the spring (isotopically weighted) snow and winter (isotopically depleted) snow. Field works in the glacial basin Djankuat were performed during two ablation seasons, i.e. from June to September of 2013 and 2014. Two approaches were used when calculating separation of the runoff hydrograph by means of solution of systems of equations for isotopic and ion balances: 1) taking account of the isotope fractionation during snow melting, and 2) with no account for the fractionation. Separation of the hydrograph for June 2014 have shown that about 15–20% of the Djankuat River runoff is formed by spring snow melting, sometimes increasing up to 36%. Contribution of spring meltwater to the total runoff increases when the isotope fractionation during the snow melting is taken into account for the calculations. In this case, the contribution of spring snow changes from 30 to 50%.Рассмотрено применение метода стабильных изотопов в балансовых расчётах расчленения гидрографа стока с ледника Джанкуат. Изученные изотопные вариации стока на замыкающем створе р. Джанкуат для двух сезонов абляции 2013 и 2014 г. совместно с измерениями δ18О и минерализации различных источников питания р. Джанкуат (атмосферные осадки, снег разных сезонов, фирн, лёд и грунтовые воды) позволили расчленить гидрограф стока 2014 г. Применялись два методических подхода к расчётам: разделение гидрографа стока решением систем уравнений ионного и изотопного баланса с учётом изотопного фракционирования при таянии снега и без учёта фракционирования. Установлена величина погрешности расчётов с использованием значений δ18О и абсолютных концентраций 18О

Changing climate both increases and decreases European river floods

Climate change has led to concerns about increasing river floods resulting from the greater water-holding capacity of a warmer atmosphere1. These concerns are reinforced by evidence of increasing economic losses associated with flooding in many parts of the world, including Europe2. Any changes in river floods would have lasting implications for the design of flood protection measures and flood risk zoning. However, existing studies have been unable to identify a consistent continental-scale climatic-change signal in flood discharge observations in Europe3, because of the limited spatial coverage and number of hydrometric stations. Here we demonstrate clear regional patterns of both increases and decreases in observed river flood discharges in the past five decades in Europe, which are manifestations of a changing climate. Our results\u2014arising from the most complete database of European flooding so far\u2014suggest that: increasing autumn and winter rainfall has resulted in increasing floods in northwestern Europe; decreasing precipitation and increasing evaporation have led to decreasing floods in medium and large catchments in southern Europe; and decreasing snow cover and snowmelt, resulting from warmer temperatures, have led to decreasing floods in eastern Europe. Regional flood discharge trends in Europe range from an increase of about 11 per cent per decade to a decrease of 23 per cent. Notwithstanding the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the observational record, the flood changes identified here are broadly consistent with climate model projections for the next century4,5, suggesting that climate-driven changes are already happening and supporting calls for the consideration of climate change in flood risk management

Identification of G1-Regulated Genes in Normally Cycling Human Cells

BACKGROUND: Obtaining synchronous cell populations is essential for cell-cycle studies. Methods such as serum withdrawal or use of drugs which block cells at specific points in the cell cycle alter cellular events upon re-entry into the cell cycle. Regulatory events occurring in early G1 phase of a new cell cycle could have been overlooked. METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS: We used a robotic mitotic shake-off apparatus to select cells in late mitosis for genome-wide gene expression studies. Two separate microarray experiments were conducted, one which involved isolation of RNA hourly for several hours from synchronous cell populations, and one experiment which examined gene activity every 15 minutes from late telophase of mitosis into G1 phase. To verify synchrony of the cell populations under study, we utilized methods including BrdU uptake, FACS, and microarray analyses of histone gene activity. We also examined stress response gene activity. Our analysis enabled identification of 200 early G1-regulated genes, many of which currently have unknown functions. We also confirmed the expression of a set of genes candidates (fos, atf3 and tceb) by qPCR to further validate the newly identified genes. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Genome-scale expression analyses of the first two hours of G1 in naturally cycling cells enabled the discovery of a unique set of G1-regulated genes, many of which currently have unknown functions, in cells progressing normally through the cell division cycle. This group of genes may contain future targets for drug development and treatment of human disease

Complete Structural Model of Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase from a Hybrid Approach

A combination of structural approaches yields a complete atomic model of the highly biochemically characterized Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, enabling fuller exploitation of E. coli as a model for understanding transcription

Proteins on the catwalk: modelling the structural domains of the CCN family of proteins

The CCN family of proteins (CCN1, CCN2, CCN3, CCN4, CCN5 and CCN6) are multifunctional mosaic proteins that play keys roles in crucial areas of physiology such as angiogenesis, skeletal development tumourigenesis, cell proliferation, adhesion and survival. This expansive repertoire of functions comes through a modular structure of 4 discrete domains that act both independently and in concert. How these interactions with ligands and with neighbouring domains lead to the biological effects is still to be explored but the molecular structure of the domains is likely to play an important role in this. In this review we have highlighted some of the key features of the individual domains of CCN family of proteins based on their biological effects using a homology modelling approach