Role of matrix metalloproteinase 7 in ovarian cancer (review of literature)

Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most aggressive cancer in women, and one of the leading causes of death from cancer of the reproductive system. Despite enhancement methods of prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, such as surgery, radiation, drugs, including targeted and hormone therapy, long-term results remain unsatisfactory. In this connection, much attention is paid to the search for molecular biological mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and the development of laboratory tests for detecting patients at early stages of tumor process, to differentiate malignant and benign tumors, to determine the tactics of treatment of a particular patient, to assess the prognosis. One of the key aspects of the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is the interaction of tumor tissue extracellular matrix, the protein degradation of which in most cases is controlled by proteolytic enzymes. Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7), also known as matrilysin, like other members of the matrix metalloproteinase` family, demonstrates proteolytic activity against components of the extracellular matrix, the degradation of which is the basis of cancer invasion and metastasis. Matrilysin is also involved in the regulation of activities of bioactive molecules associated with cell physiology. The overview briefly highlights the role of MMP-7 in ovarian cancer

Tumor markers in the diagnosis of cancer of the corpus uteri (a review of literature)

Towards the end of the past century, cancer of the corpus uteri achieved the status of leading gynecologic cancer not only in developed countries, but also in Third World countries. The leading determinants of prognosis and treatment policy are tumor extent and grade at diagnosis. It is important to search for the informative and significant indicators of biological tumor activity, which are determined by pre- and postoperative mini-invasive laboratory studies, the combination of which could additionally judge the extent and grade of a tumor. At present, there are no significant tumor markers for the screening for and evaluation of progressive cancer of the corpus uteri, which would have a high specificity and sensitivity although their search is constantly underway worldwide

NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMAS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are extremely rare among all tumors of female reproductive system. Diagnostic mistakes and inadequate therapeu- tic tactics in these diseases are results of usual absence of alertness of gynecologists. The aims are to analyze reasons of diagnostic mistakes in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of female reproductive system and to discover definitive clinical and morphological characteristics of female reproductive system lymphoid tumors. During the period between 1989 and 2006, 305 cases of primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lym- phomas were detected; female reproductive system was affected in 7% of patients (totally 40 patients), which were included in investigated group. In the whole analyzed group of women (n=40, median age 43 yrs, range 17-84 yrs), patients with primary lesion of female reproductive system had median age of 40 yrs and with secondary involvement - 46 yrs. Most of patients were fertile (60%, n=24). Such tumors was localized in breast in 40% of cases (n=16), in ovaries - 20% (n=8), in uterine corpus - 12,5% (n=5), in uterine cervix - 15% (n=6), and in vagina - remaining 12,5% (n=5). Average time from diagnosis to beginning of the treatment was 7,5 months. As a result, the onset of specific therapy was delayed in 65% cases (n=26) and 50% (n=20) underwent unneeded surgery. Diagnostic mistakes lead to inadequate treatment. Extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of female reproductive system, both primary and secondary, are rare pathology. Primary lesion is more typical for older women, sec- ondary is mainly affecting younger women (in reproductive period). Chemotherapy response and prognosis are better in primary cases

Treatment results and prognostic factors of clear cell ovarian carcinomas and ovarian carcinomas with clear cell component

The most important prognostic factors for clear cell carcinoma (CCC) are clinical and morphological signs and clinical stage of the disease. Analyses of 5-year survival in patients with I stage of CCC is 69 %, in II stage – 55 %, in III stage – 14 % and in IV stage – 4 % patients. We analyzed distant results of treatment of 71 patients with CCC and of 25 patients with mixed malignant ovaries neoplasm with obligatory clear cell component taking into consideration main clinical and morphological sings of disease. On the base of performed reseal we revealed that morphological structure of the tumors and stage of the disease exerted heist influence on the exponent of survival of the patients with clear CCC ovaries neoplasm. Besides, there is a correlation between exponent of patients’ survival and radicalized of surgery, character of tumor growth, differentiation degree, cell anaplasia and mitotic activity of tumor cells