Validation of a New Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Ion-Trap Technique for the Simultaneous Determination of Thirteen Anticoagulant Rodenticides, Drugs, or Natural Products

International audienc

Recherche d'ADN de leptospires pathogènes dans le sang et l'urine de 30 chiens apparemment sains

International audienceAsymptomatic carriage of leptospires in dogs has not been extensively studied. A prospective study was conducted on thirty apparently healthy male dogs to screen for Leptospiral DNA in their blood and urine. All dogs were up to date with a bivalent vaccine against Leptospirosis. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and real-time PCR analysis in blood and urine were performed for each dog. Six of 30 (20%) dogs had positive PCR results: two from blood samples (all MAT titres ≤ 160) and four from urine samples (one with maximal MAT titres of 2560 and three with all MAT titres ≤ 160). Ten months later, PCR analyses of blood and urine were repeated for these six dogs. Four had negative PCR results from blood and urine. The other two, with positive urine results at the first sampling, had negative PCR results from urine and positive PCR results from blood. In this study, the urinary shedding of leptospires appeared to be transient. As shown previously, serological status was not correlated with PCR results. Low but detectable amounts of Leptospiral DNA in the blood of some apparently healthy dogs raises questions regarding the pathophysiology of Leptospirosis and the diagnostic consequences of high-sensitivity PCR assays.Le portage asymptomatique des leptospires chez le chien est encore mal connu. Une étude prospective sur 30 chiens mâles apparemment sains a recherché la présence d'ADN de leptospires pathogènes dans leur sang et leur urine. Chaque chien était à jour de ses vaccins contre la leptospirose (vaccins inactivés bivalents sur tous les chiens). Une sérologie par technique de microagglutination (MAT) et une PCR en temps réel sur l'urine et le sang ont été réalisées pour chaque chien. Six chiens sur 30 (20 %) avaient des résultats PCR positifs : deux chiens sur sang (titres MAT ≤ 160 pour ces deux chiens), quatre chiens sur urine (titre MAT maximal de 2560 pour un chien, titres MAT ≤ 160 pour les trois autres). Dix mois plus tard, les analyses PCR ont été répétées pour les six chiens avec un résultat positif. Quatre chiens avaient des résultats négatifs sur sang et urines. Deux chiens, qui avaient initialement une PCR positive sur urines, avaient une PCR positive sur sang et négative sur urines. Dans cette étude, l'excrétion urinaire des leptospires apparaissait discontinue. Comme dans d'autres études, les profils sérologiques n'étaient pas corrélés aux résultats PCR. Trouver dans le sang de chiens apparemment sains des quantités faibles mais détectables d'ADN de leptospires interroge sur la physiopathologie de la leptospirose et les conséquences diagnostiques de tests PCR très sensibles

Hemorrhagic, Hemostatic, and Thromboelastometric Disorders in 35 Dogs with a Clinical Diagnosis of Leptospirosis: A Prospective Study

International audienceBackgroundLeptospirosis in dogs is occasionally associated with a hemorrhagic syndrome, the pathophysiology of which is not fully understood. Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo characterize hematologic, hemostatic, and thromboelastometric abnormalities in dogs with leptospirosis and to study their association with hemorrhagic diatheses and outcomes. AnimalsThirty-five client-owned dogs. MethodsA prospective observational single cohort study was conducted. Results from the CBC, coagulation tests (prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin and thrombin times, fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, and D-dimer concentrations), rotational thromboelastometry (TEM), signalment, hemorrhagic diatheses, occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) at admission, and survival to discharge were recorded. ResultsThe most common hematologic and hemostatic abnormalities were anemia (30/35), thrombocytopenia (21/35), and hyperfibrinogenemia (15/35). Eight dogs were diagnosed with DIC. A normal TEM profile was found in 14 dogs, a hypercoagulable profile in 14 dogs, and a hypocoagulable profile in 7 dogs. The 8 dogs with hemorrhagic diatheses at admission had significantly decreased platelet counts (P = .037) and increased D-dimer concentrations (P = .015) compared with other dogs. Dogs with a hypocoagulable profile exhibited more hemorrhagic diatheses compared with the dogs that had normal and hypercoagulable profiles (P = .049). The mortality rate was lower in dogs with a hypercoagulable profile than in those with a hypocoagulable profile (21% vs 57%; P = .043). Disseminated intravascular coagulation was not a significant prognostic factor. Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThromboelastometric parameters were altered in dogs with both hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable profiles. A hypocoagulable profile was significantly correlated with hemorrhagic diathesis and higher mortality rate

Implication, clinical and biological impact of vector-borne haemopathogens in anaemic dogs in France: a prospective study

OBJECTIVES:To prospectively describe the clinical and biological impact of vector-borne haemopathogens in anaemic dogs in France and occurrence of haemolysis.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This prospective descriptive cohort study includes 134 client-owned dogs that were anaemic on admission at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of VetAgro Sup, Lyon, France. They underwent comprehensive screening with PCR to detect a panel of vector-borne haemopathogens, SNAP Leishmania and SNAP 4Dx Plus (IDEXX).RESULTS:Vector-borne haemopathogen-associated anaemia accounted for 17·2% (23/134) of anaemic cases. PCR for Babesia species, Mycoplasma species, Anaplasma platys or Ehrlichia canis and positive serology for Leishmania species, occurred in 11/23, 10/23, 2/23, 1/23 and 1/23 cases, respectively. Two dogs had positive PCR for both Babesia and Mycoplasma species. All dogs infected with Mycoplasma species alone had neoplastic disease. Vector-borne haemopathogens were the second most common cause of haemolysis (7/23, 30·4%). In the multivariable regression model, males were overrepresented ( OR : 2·82, P=0·03) and haemolysis ( OR : 3·31, P=0·01) was more frequent in dogs with vector-born haemopathogen-associated anaemia.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:Vector-borne haemopathogens are a common cause of anaemia in this geographical region