Critical temperature for the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition (from multifragmentation and fission)

Critical temperature Tc for the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition is stimated both from the multifragmentation and fission data. In the first case,the critical temperature is obtained by analysis of the IMF yields in p(8.1 GeV)+Au collisions within the statistical model of multifragmentation (SMM). In the second case, the experimental fission probability for excited 188Os is compared with the calculated one with Tc as a free parameter. It is concluded for both cases that the critical temperature is higher than 16 MeV.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

Sanitary Protection of the Territories within the Frames of Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare Provision

Demonstrated is the structural and functional interrelation between sanitary protection of the territories, epidemiological monitoring, and the state sanitary-epidemiological surveillance. Sanitary protection of the territories (SPT) of the Russian Federation is a separate focus area authorizing sanitary prophylactic (anti-epidemic) activities, with a self-sustained sub-goal. It combines individual roles appertained to epidemiological monitoring and to federal sanitary-epidemiological surveillance, only in reference to a particular item - emergency situation in the sphere of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population. Specificity of the SPT is a balance between functionality and capacity of the monitoring, surveillance and control. Legislative and regulatory legal acts, which concern sanitary protection of the territory, provide the means for defining its basic organizational principles: country-wide activities, self-sufficiency and self-support of the Rospotrebnadzor, three-level hierarchical system, and information exchange

Deployment of Systematic Approach to the Assessment of Surveillance and Control over Ebola Virus Disease

Studied has been systematic approach as regards epidemiological surveillance and control over emergency situations in the sphere of sanitary-epidemiological welfare by the example of Ebola fever epidemic in West Africa countries. Based on the literature data available, analyzed have been measures for EVD surveillance and control, with reference to every stage of epidemiological process (source/ origin, agent, mechanism of transmission, recipient) at various levels of matter organization (global, regional, population, cellular, molecular, and sub-molecular). Following this, put forward have been primary areas for EVD control optimization

Activities Undertaken toward Individuals Who Have Been in Contact with Ebola Fever Patient

Significant aspect in the provision of anti-epidemic readiness for Ebola fever importation into the Russian Federation is to determine the scope of measures to be undertaken toward individuals who have been in contact with index case. Analyzed have been the published data on the imported case records resultant in the secondary transmission of the disease; measures, performed in relation to contact persons in non-endemic countries; possible mechanisms of transmission; presence of virus in biological material from an infected individual; risk of exposure to virus onboard the aircraft. Based on the results of the analysis of publications, WHO, CDC and Rospotrebnadzor recommendations, with due consideration of the current regulations, put forward is an approximate procedure for individuals who have been in contact with EVD case onboard the plane, including transportation of persons, exposed to the increased risk of infection into a specialized hospital

Improvement of the Normative-Regulatory Framework Concerning Anti-Epidemic Procedures for Works with Infectious Disease Agents in Mobile Laboratories of Specialized Anti-Epidemic Teams (SAET)

Carried out is a range of investigations aimed at the improvement of the anti-epidemic procedures for works with infectious disease agents (herein biological safety provision) in mobile laboratories of specialized anti-epidemic teams (SAET). Evaluation of the operational experience of stationary and field laboratories, as well as comparative analysis of the national safety requirements for works with pathogenic biological agents and WHO international regulations in the sphere of biological safety provision in laboratories, has made it possible to outline common for all types of microbiological laboratories principles for biosafety provision. With due consideration of these principles formulated are the core requirements for the provision of biological safety of SAET activities. Based on the results of biorisk and biohazard assessment which have to do with innovative mobile laboratories, worked out is a system of anti-epidemic procedures aimed towards establishment of the conditions that offer as low as practically achievable level of risk for personnel of SAET mobile laboratories, for population and human environment too. These practices, designed for biological safety provision among the personnel of mobile laboratories (ML), have been played back in a number of standard operational procedures. With a view to establishing of the environment with acceptable level of biorisk for the personnel and population when ML are used for various purposes and in various contingencies (in full force, single unit or several modules), worked out are the algorithms of decision-making support as regards selection of modules and optional accessories. However, there is a need for emergency response plans and training programs for the personnel on the provision of biosafety in ML to ensure and maintain acceptable level of biorisk connected with ML functioning

Usage of Mobile Laboratories of Biological Expertise Abroad and in Russia: Present Day Realities and Prospects

We analyzed the data on availability and usage of mobile laboratories of biological expertise for indication and identification of pathogenic biological agents in foreign countries and in the Russian Federation. We outlined the major types of mobile units that exist abroad and in Russia. Key stages of evolution in design and deployment of mobile laboratories in the network of plague control institutions of the Rospotrebnadzor were described, as well as the broadening of the range of their use in Russia. We assessed operational use of the Russian mobile laboratories, both in Russia and abroad, in the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare during mass events, disaster management, and response to epidemic manifestations of particularly dangerous infectious diseases. Major trends in implementation of mobile units of biological expertise in Russia were identified. We addressed their usage in various State Programs on assistance to partner-countries in the matters of International Health Regulations (2005) implementation, control over dangerous infectious diseases. Advanced inventions – Second generation modernized mobile complex of the specialized anti-epidemic teams, mobile laboratory for monitoring and diagnostics, and airmobile anti-epidemic complex – were discussed