Genetics and psychophysiology of ADHD and autism

The paper discusses the brain mechanisms of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It is shown that these disorders are associated with different genetic causes that create certain psychophysiological mechanisms. Nevertheless, their diagnosis is interrelated. Moreover, a child is often first diagnosed with ADHD, and then the diagnosis is changed to “autism spectrum disease”. Among the most common causes of the disease is the behavior of retrotransposons. Retrotransposons (also called transposons via intermediate RNA) are genetic elements that can amplify themselves in the genome. These DNA sequences use a “copy and paste” mechanism, whereby they are first transcribed into RNA and then converted back to identical DNA sequences via reverse transcription, and these sequences are then inserted into the genome at target sites. In humans, retro elements take up 42 % of the DNA. The conclusion is made that for the formation of an individual profile of gene expression in the neuron, the most important is the phenomenon of somatic mosaicism, due to the process of L1 retrotransposition, in addition to the classical described mechanisms of differentiation. The number of such events and their localization is significant as they are likely to contribute to the development of both autism and ADHD

Delivery features of pregnant women with a uterine scar

Vaginal delivery after a Caesarean section remains a controversial topic: there is a lack of reliable data to help doctors and women in labour to determine the best option for delivery during subsequent pregnancy. The review analyzed and summarized the results of the studies devoted to childbirth of pregnant women with scars on the uterus, considered the advantages and disadvantages of vaginal childbirth and repeat Caesarean section, the frequency of complications in the attempt of vaginal childbirth in women with scars on the uterus has been assessed. The modern medical literature available in open sources has been studied: Russian-language scientifc electronic libraries eLibrary and CyberLeninka, Englishlanguage database of medical and biological publications PubMed. It is necessary to consider the data of anamnesis and clinical-instrumental data when choosing the best management tactics of pregnancy and delivery for women with scars on the uterus. Attempting to deliver vaginally helps to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity, and a large number of studies on this issue should help to reduce the number of unwarranted repeat Caesarean sections. Vaginal delivery after a Caesarean section is an opportunity to avoid severe abdominal surgery and negative consequences associated with repeated Caesarean sections

Features of Visual Search in Young Children with Different Lateral Preferences

The aim of the study was to analyse the features of visual search in popout paradigm in children from 5 months to 2 years with different lateral preferences. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four age groups. Eye-tracking was used for registration eye movements. Evaluating of lateral preferences in children when manipulating toys and spontaneous gestures was carried out by analysing video recordings. It was found, that during the first two years, asymmetry was formed in the direction of a more pronounced preference for the right or left hand and a decrease in symmetric reactions. Left-handed children demonstrated an advantage in visual search of faces and non-social “O” stimuli, which may be due to the predominance of the right hemisphere in visual-spatial thinking.Представлен анализ особенностей зрительного поиска в парадигме pop-out у детей от пяти месяцев до двух лет с разными латеральными предпочтениями. Проведено кросс-секционное исследование в четырех возрастных срезах. Для регистрации движений глаз использовался айтрекинг. Оценка латеральных предпочтений у детей при манипуляциях с игрушками и спонтанной жестикуляции проводилась посредством анализа видеозаписей. Выявлено, что в первые два года происходит формирование асимметрии в сторону более выраженного предпочтения правой или левой руки и уменьшения симметричных реакций. Леворукие дети продемонстрировали преимущество в распознавании лиц и поиске отличающегося стимула «О», что может быть связано с преобладанием правого полушария в зрительно-пространственном мышлении

Influence of the Pentaphylloides fruticosa l. liniment on TBA-active products and antioxidant status in wound injuries associated with experimental diabetes mellitus

The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of the linimentfrom Pentaphylloides fruticosa L. on lipid peroxidation in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus accompanied by wound process. The liniment was developed with the use of NanoDeBee30 device. Experiments were carried out on white male Wistar rats. Experimental diabetes mellitus was simulated by a single intraperitoneal introduction of alloxan in a dose of 100 mg/kg. The skin injury was simulated by inflicting planar wounds 2.0 x 2.0 cm in size. 5 mg of the 5%-liniment from Pentaphylloides fruticosa was put on the wounds of the first experimental group once a day for 14 days. The second experimental group was treated by the preparation of comparison - balsamic liniment. The wounds of the control group were treated with glycerin-lanolin ointment. On the 7th, 14th and 21st day the concentration of TBA-active products in the blood serum was determined to estimate the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes; the contents of reduced glutathione and catalase activity were determined to evaluate the antioxidant status. The results of the experiments verify the marked curative effect of the linimentfrom Pentaphylloides fruticosa L. on the healing of the wounds on the background of experimental diabetes mellitus in rat

A new case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with semi-cryptic t(7;21)(p22;q22)

Case report of a translocation : A new case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with semi-cryptic t(7;21)(p22;q22)