Resistance to Fungal Diseases of the Siberian (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) and Korean (Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc.) Stone Pines in the Provenance Trails at the South of Krasnoyarsk Territory

The reason of the epiphytoty in the provenance trials of the Siberian (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) and Korean (Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc.) stone pines in the foothills of the Western Sayan (south of Krasnoyarsk territory) was established. The cause of stone pine needles drying was disease – grey pine-leaf cast (grey Schutte). The causative agent was pathogenic fungus Lophodermella sulcigena. The Siberian stone pine trees of Tashtagolskii climate type were drying (fatally) to the greatest extent (21 %). The populations of the Korean stone pine showed higher resistance to fungal infections comparing to the Siberian stone pine climate type

The influence of microbial antagonists on the soil biogenic and the coniferous seedlingssafety in artificial phytocenoses

Strains of microorganisms that have antagonistic and growth-stimulating activity (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Bac. subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum) were added to the dark-gray soil of a forest nursery (Pogorelsky EEF) and to conifer seeds (Pinus sylvestris L., Larix sibirica L.). Pre-sowing seed treatments of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. strains increased Scots pine ground germination in 1.5–1.7 and Siberian larch – in 1.3–5.8 times; improved safety and quality of viable pine seedlings in the 1.4–11.0, larch – in 1.3–3.5 times in the end of the growing season, compared with the control. Morphometric parameters of the pine seedlings increased processing of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus subtilis, larch seedlings – Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus sp. in 1.5–2.0 times (both). The pine and larch seeds bacterization, initially infected by Fusarium, reduced to 1.2–2.5 times the population of phytopathogen, which helped lower the death of coniferous seedlings. The biologically active microbial strains, which were introduced in the nursery soil, have increased and maintained the total number of microorganisms (ETGM) in conifer seedlings during the whole period of vegetation. It has had a positive effect of bacilli treatment (Bacillus sp. and Bac. subtilis) on the dynamics of microbial biomass content, the rate of basal respiration and microbial metabolic coefficient values (qCO2). In general, the introduction of spore bacteria (Bac. subtilis and Bacillus. sp.) and micromycetes (Trichoderma harzianum) populations with coniferous seeds increased the biogenetic and productivity of the nursery soil (MB, enzymatic activity, the ETGM number) to 1.5–3.0 times in comparison with the control and, despite of the high values of specific microbial respiration throughout the growing season, had a positive impact on the restoration of the ecophysiological functioning rule of soil microbial community

Microbiological methane emission in the boreal ecosystems of cryogenic Siberia zones

Carbon dioxide is known to be the major contributor to the green-house effect;however, its annual increase in the atmosphere has slowed down markedly inrecent years. The methane (CH4) concentration in the atmosphere has morethan doubled over the last 300 years and is currently increasing at an annualrate of 0.8 to 1.0% per year [Dedysh , 2002].The arctic and sub-arctic zones of Siberia are considered to be among the mostactive atmospheric methane sources. The CH4 emission is controlled by thedegree of drowning, the temperature, the amount of organic matter, thevegetation and the methanogenesis and methanotrophic processes. As a ruleon the territory of Siberia the emission of modern biogenic methane, which isactive source of atmospheric methane occurred from the natural ecotopes[Galchenko, 2001]. A considerable amount of methane does not participate inthe contemporary biogeochemical cycle, since it is stocked in the permafrosttogether with living anaerobic microorganisms including methane-producingbacteria (Archaea). Methane production can occur at below-zero temperatures (down to 16.5oC) in permafrost depositions [Rivkina et al., 2006; Gilichinsky,2002; Wright et al., 1998]. We have carried out ourinvestigations in the two Siberian regions which are located in the permafrostzone. There are the Central Evenkia (forest ecosystem) and Lena Delta (tundraecosystem). The general aim is the estimation of microbial emission and theCH4 absorption of the cryogenic soils simultaneously using of the unifiedmethodology. We used the method of closed chambers (Wagner et al., 2003)for fixing the methane release with the surface of the soil during July andAugust.It was determined that from11.7 to 50.4 mg/m2/day of CH4 was risen with thesoil surface in the tundra ecosystem. The difference in the methane fluxesbetween of the polygon centre and rims was 1.7-2.8 times. The methane fluxvalue was from 8.9 to 34.7 mg/m2/day in the forest ecosystem and depended onthe amount of precipitations incoming from the atmosphere to the soil. Theobtained data permit to tell about the similarity of microbial processes ofmethane transformation, occurring in the mineral soil layer of the bothecosystems. The methane flux in tundra ecosystem was 2.2 times higher thanin the forest ecosystem.The presence of archaeabacteria was determined by the molecular geneticmethod. Methanogenic archaea belonging to the uncultivated Rice cluster II ofEuryarcheota was dominant in our samples and another big archaebacteriagroup belonged to the uncultivated Rice Cluster IV of Crenarcheota

Influence of innovative biofertilizers on soil biological activity and undergrowth of Scotch pine after felling and fire

Preserving the integrity of forests after logging and fires involves the development of various methods to promote natural reforestation. One of these methods is the creation of environmentally friendly and safe biofertilizers based on waste from the timber industry. The use of innovative biofertilizer in the Pogorelsky Bor (pine forest) of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe had a positive effect on the biopotential of soils and the amount of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) undergrowth after selective felling. In the first two years, in all experimental variants, an increase in the activity of hydrolytic and redox enzymes of the soil by 1.5–2 times was noted; they increased compared to the control. Immediately after the introduction of biofertilizer in the soil microbial complex, the amount of cellulolytics increases to 62 thousand CFU/g of soil in the logging areas. By the end of the growing season, both in the first and in the second year of application of biofertilizer in the experimental variant of the logging, sprouts of Scots pine were recorded 2–3 times more than in the control variant of this site. The fire that took place in May 2022 led to an increase in the total number of microorganisms up to 38 million CFU/g of soil and an increase in the activity of a number of hydrolytic enzymes during the growing season in experimental plots using biofertilizer. At the end of the growing season in 2022, there was no response of microorganisms to the application of biofertilizer, and actinomycetes dominated in the soil microbial complex. Also, by September of this year, the cellulose-decomposing potential, humification, and the activity of hydrolytic and redox enzymes decreased by more than 2 times. Biofertilizer significantly stimulated the formation of shoots and undergrowth of pine in the post-fire areas of the technological areas of felling (logging sites and portage) by 2 times

The study of anti-microbial properties of extractive substances of conifers

The problem of wood waste utilization is of great importance. In connection with the outbreaks of microorganisms resistant to most of the known antibiotics researchers are increasingly interested in natural objects that can serve as raw materials for producing medicines, including those with antimicrobial activity. Bark of conifers is a source of many biologically active substances. From the pharmacological and therapeutic points of view, phenolic compounds of bark are most interesting. The extraction of the bark of conifers with monoethanolamine provides a product with an increased proportion of phenolic compounds in comparison with other known methods. The antibacterial activity of the extracts and their solutions obtained by the abovementioned method from the bark of conifers of Siberian larch Larix sibirica L., Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris L., and Siberian fir Abies sibirica L. was studied. We used the museum strains of sanitary-indicative opportunistic bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae (Schroeter) Trevisan Т 904, Escherichia coli Migula ATCC 39/21141, Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach АТСС 25922, Proteus vulgaris Hauser MX 19 и Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter) Cohn emend. Wieser et al. ATCC 9341 as test objects It was found that the extract of Scotch pine demonstrated greater inhibitory activity while fir bark extract had the lowest bacteriostatic properties. The diluted extracts of larch and Scotch pine bark were less effective against the tested bacteria, and the diluted extracts of fir bark had no antibacterial effect. The obtained data are promising for further research of the development of antibiotic / disinfecting substances based on conifer bark extracts