Does the anaesthetic influence behavioural transmission of the monogenean Gyrodactylus gasterostei Glaser, 1974 off the host?

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of the anaesthetic 2-phenoxyethanol on the transmission factors of gyrodactylid and to ascertain how this may affect in the colonisation of new hosts using the Gyrodactylus gasterostei Glaser, 1974 - Gasterosteus aculeatus L. model which is a simple and successful system to examine aspects of transmission of parasites from live and dead fish. Laboratory experiments include determining the maturity (presence of male copulate organ) and reproductive (presence of daughter) status of transmitting worms, in order to consider the factors that influence parasite option to migrate to a new individual of the same host species. This study demonstrates that parasites with a Male Copulate Organ (MCO) present are more likely to abandon the host and attempt a host transfer. The use of the anaesthetic 2-phenoxyethanol does not affect transmission of gyrodactylids which leave the host to colonise a new host. Finally, the use of other anaesthetic although its relative importance with respect to transmission remains uncertain.Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra); Overseas Research Students Awards Scheme (ORSAS) UK; Consejo Nacional Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico CONACyT [171032]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Drivers of and barriers to the SME internationalisation process in a small open economy

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have actively increased their participation in international markets. This research's primary objective was to identify, based on 11 case studies, the main barriers to and drivers of the SME internationalisation process in a small open economy. Content analysis of in-depth interviews used Leximancer software to identify 7 themes that describe both internal and external barriers and 12 themes that characterise drivers, which were classified into five groups: SME human capital, technology, institutional support, networks and other drivers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Quasienergy spectrum and tunneling current in ac-driven triple quantum dot shuttles

The dynamics of electrons in ac driven double quantum dots have been extensively analyzed by means of Floquet theory. In these systems, coherent destruction of tunneling has been shown to occur for certain ac field parameters. In the present work we analyze, by means of Floquet theory, the electron dynamics of a triple quantum dot in series attached to electric contacts, where the central dot position oscillates. In particular, we analyze the quasienergy spectrum of this ac driven nanoelectromechanical system, as a function of the intensity and frequency of the ac field and of external dc voltages. For strong driving fields, we derive, by means of perturbation theory, analytical expressions for the quasienergies of the driven oscillator system. From this analysis we discuss the conditions for coherent destruction of tunneling (CDT) to occur as a function of detuning and field parameters. For zero detuning, and from the invariance of the Floquet Hamiltonian under a generalized parity transformation, we find analytical expressions describing the symmetry properties of the Fourier components of the Floquet states under such transformation. By using these expressions, we show that in the vicinity of the CDT condition, the quasienergy spectrum exhibits exact crossings which can be characterized by the parity properties of the corresponding eigenvectors

Consensus on management of castration-resistant prostate cancer on behalf of the Urological Tumours Working Group (URONCOR) of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology

Càncer de pròstata resistent a la castració; Oncologia de les radiacions; ConsensCáncer de próstata resistente a la castración; Oncología radioterápica; ConsensoCastration-resistant prostate cancer; Radiation oncology; ConsensusBackground: The knowledge in the field of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is developing rapidly, with emerging new therapies and advances in imaging. Nonetheless, in multiple areas there is still a lack of or very limited evidence, and clear guidance from clinicians regarding optimal strategy is required. Methods: A modified Delphi method, with 116 relevant questions divided into 7 different CRPC management topics, was used to develop a consensus statement by the URONCOR group. Results: A strong consensus or unanimity was reached on 93% of the proposed questions. The seven topics addressed were: CRPC definition, symptomatic patients, diagnosis of metastasis, CRPC progression, M0 management, M1 management and sequencing therapy, and treatment monitoring. Conclusions: The recommendations based on the radiation oncology experts' opinions are intended to provide cancer specialists with expert guidance and to standardise CRPC patient management in Spain, facilitating decision-making in different clinically relevant issues regarding CRPC patients

The Effect of Pre-Harvest Application of Pectic Oligosaccharides and Abscisic Acid on Technological Ripening and Anthocyanin Profile of ‘Syrah’ Must and Grapes Grown in a Warm Climate

The progressive increase of environmental temperature as a consequence of climate change is a challengefor the wine industry. Elevated temperatures during grape ripening affect the development of grape skincolor by inhibiting the synthesis of pigments and promoting their degradation, which causes an imbalancein the chromatic quality of must and red wine. The application of pectic oligosaccharides (POs) and abscisicacid (ABA) triggers the phenylpropanoid pathway and increases the color index in grapes. Since the atharvestpigments and phenolic compounds are determinant for wine quality, this work addressed the preharvestapplication of POs and ABA as an in-field strategy for improving the quality of Syrah must andgrapes grown in a warm climate. The color development, physicochemical parameters, phenolic content,and pigments in berries and must were evaluated. Results showed POs and ABA improved berry colordevelopment and anthocyanin content during ripening. Musts from POs-treated berries exhibited thehighest phenols concentration and the most intense color, related to higher chroma values and anthocyanincontent, particularly delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin 3-glucosides, while ABA improved must tonalityby reducing the hue angle. In summary, POs and ABA application at veráison, differentially modulatedthe technological ripening of Syrah grapes and can be an alternative to conventional agrochemicals topreserve the quality of musts elaborated from grapes grown in warm climates, by increasing the content ofphenolic compounds and enhancing berry skin color development through the differential accumulationof anthocyanins

UN ENFOQUE EXPERIMENTAL SOBRE EL COMPORTAMIENTO EN LA TRANSMISIÓN DE GYRODACTYLUS (MONOGENEA) FUERA DEL HOSPEDERO 'EL PEZ ESPINOSO' (GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS L.)

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar algunos factores en el comportamiento durante la transmisión del monogeneo Gyrodactylus sp. y determinar si la madurez y estado reproductivo del parásito pueden ser empleados en la colonización de nuevos hospederos. El modelo de transmisión empleado fue Gyrodactylus gasterostei Glaser, 1974 y G. arcuatus Bychowsky 1933 - Gasterosteus aculeatus L. que migraron de peces sacrificados. Los experimentos en el laboratorio incluyen la determinación de la madurez (presencia del órgano copulador masculino) y reproductiva (presencia de la hija en útero), y determinar los factores de comportamiento que influyen en la elección de los parásitos para migrar a un nuevo hospedero. Este estudio es el primer enfoque experimental en el comportamiento con relación a diferentes etapas de desarrollo en dos especies de Gyrodactylus utilizando el mismo modelo de hospedero. El presente trabajo examinó los aspectos iniciales del comportamiento de las estrategias de comportamiento en gyrodactilidos aislados de forma individual. Los resultados muestran que la comparación de las frecuencias de comportamiento entre los individuos que sobrevivieron al registro de observaciones y el análisis de los datos no mostró diferencias de comportamiento entre estas especies de monogeneos