Выбор метода измерения внутриглазного давления для оценки гипотензивной эффективности антиглаукомных операций

Purpose of this study — to compare the results of different tonometry methods before surgical treatment of glaucoma and in the early postoperative period.The study was conducted on a group of 50 patients (50 eyes) aged 55 to 80 years with uncompensated primary open-angle glaucoma, who were admitted to in-patient department for glaucoma surgery. Patients were examined using bidirectional applanation tonometry of the cornea performed on Ocular Response Analyzer, pneumotonometry on Canon TX-20P device, and with Icare tonometer. These studies were carried out on the day before the surgery, the next day, and 2 weeks after the operation.Significant differences in tonometry readings were revealed between all tested devices at high intraocular pressure (IOP) levels (before glaucoma surgery). Significant differences were also found in IOP values obtained with Icare tonometer in the central zone of the cornea and in the middle periphery in the nasal and temporal sectors. A significant difference between the indicators remained on the next day after surgery, except for the Icare readings. After two weeks, the tonometric parameters did not differ significantly from each other.Corneal compensated IOP (IOPcc) is the most important tonometric indicator in clinical practice because it takes into account the individual biomechanical characteristics of the patient’s cornea. When examining patients with glaucoma, the IOPcc indicator significantly differed in uncompensated IOP, which is important for determining the correct treatment tactics. When assessing the level of IOP after surgery this trend persisted, indicating a systematic underestimation of IOP level (overestimation of the effect of glaucoma surgery). The reliability of the study is confirmed by the results of measurements on unoperated fellow eyes (control).Цель — сравнить показатели разных методов тонометрии до хирургического лечения глаукомы и в раннем послеоперационном периоде. Исследование проведено в группе из 50 пациентов (50 глаз) в возрасте от 55 до 80 лет с некомпенсированной первичной открытоугольной глаукомой, которые поступали в стационар для проведения антиглаукомной операции. Выполняли исследование с помощью двунаправленной пневмоапланации роговицы на биомеханическом анализаторе Ocular Response Analyzer, бесконтактную тонометрию прибором Canon TX-20P и измерение тоно- метром Icare. Эти исследования проводили за день до проведения антиглаукомного вмешательства, на следующий день и также через 2 недели после операции. При высоких значениях внутриглазного давления (ВГД) (до проведения антиглаукомной операции) были выявлены достоверные различия тонометрических показателей между всеми используемыми приборами. Также были выявлены достоверные различия в показателях ВГД при тонометрии Icare в центральной зоне роговицы и на средней периферии в носовом и височном секторах. На следующий день после операции достоверная разница между показателями сохранялась, за исключением показателей Icare. Через 2 недели после операции тонометрические показатели между собой достоверно не различались. Роговично-компенсированное ВГД является наиболее важным в клиническом плане тонометрическим показателем, поскольку учитывает индивидуальные особенности фиброзной оболочки глаза пациентов. При обследовании пациентов с глаукомой этот показатель достоверно отличается при некомпенсированном ВГД, что важно для определения правильной тактики лечения. При оценке ВГД после операции данная тенденция сохранялась, что указывает на систематическую недооценку офтальмотонуса (переоценку эффекта операции). Достоверность исследования подтверждается результатами исследова- ния на парных неоперированных глазах

Transgenerational Phenomenon of Genomic Instability in Children of Irradiated Parents during ChNPP

Study of families irradiated during the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant revealed significantly increased levels of aberrant genomes not only in irradiated of low doses parents (fathers-liquidators, fathers and mothers from territories contaminated with radionuclides (n = 106, p < 0.01)), but also in their children born in 1987-2004 after the accident (n = 159, p < 0.05). These children with different somatic pathologies were examined in the Children's Center of Radiation Protection of the Institute of Pediatrics and Children's Surgery of the RF Ministry of Public Health (head. - prof. Baleva L. S.). This is indicative of the transgenerational phenomenon of genomic instability. To elucidate this phenomenon, experiments were undertaken to model genomic instability by using fractionated in vitro γ-irradiation (137Cs) of peripheral blood lymphocytes samples of the children and their parents at doses of 10, 20 and 30 cGy. The spectrum and frequency of chromosomes aberrations were studied in the 1st and 2nd cell generations. The children of irradiated parents (n=6). Children born from unirradiated parents (n = 3) served as a control. Parents: irradiated fathers (n = 3) and unirradiated mothers (n = 3). Single doses were 10 cGy, 20 cGy, 30 cGy. Fractional doses were 10 cGy + 10 cGy and 10 cGy + 10 cGy + 10 cGy. Blood samples were irradiated at 24 h intervals. Before culturing all blood samples were stored at 370 C. Cultivation of lymphocytes was carried out for 48 h and 72 h with the use of 5-BrdU added to differentiate between mitosis 1 and mitosis 2. Average frequency of aberrant genomes were significantly increased at all doses in the children of irradiated parents, as compared to the children born from un-irradiated parents. The magnitude of the elevation of the individual frequencies of aberrant genomes is accordance on the initial levels of the genome aberrations. This is indicative of individual radiosensitivity probably depending on genotypic peculiarities, initial state (sensitivity) of the genome, pathophysiological processes in the organism of children. Amplification of cells with single-break chromosome aberrations in the mitosis 2, as compared to mitosis 1 suggests the replication mechanism of realization of potential damage in DNA and the occurrence of genomic instability in succeeding cell generations

Adjuvant Therapy for Stages II and III Colon Cancer: Risk Stratification, Treatment Duration, and Future Directions

Background: To date, the role of adjuvant systemic therapy in stages ii and iii colon cancer remains a topic of interest and debate. The objective of the present review was to assess the most recent data, specifically addressing methods of risk stratification, duration of therapy, and future directions. Methods: PubMed and medline were searched for literature pertinent to adjuvant chemotherapy in either stage ii or stage iii colorectal cancer. Summary: Locoregional disease, histopathology, age, laterality, and a number of other biologic and molecular markers appear to have a role in disease risk stratification. The duration of adjuvant therapy for stage iii disease can vary based on risk factors, but use of adjuvant therapy and duration of therapy in stage ii disease remain controversial. Future directions should include genomic assays and improved study design to provide concrete evidence about the duration of adjuvant folfox or capox and about other types of chemotherapy and immunotherapy

Adenoid Hypertrophy Risk in Children Carriers of G-1082A Polymorphism of IL-10 Infected with Human Herpes Virus (HHV6, EBV, CMV)

Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is considered one of the most common diseases in the ear, nose and throat (ENT) practice. The cause of adenoid hypertrophy in children is still unknown. The main aim of the current study was to investigate IL-10 (interleukin 10) gene polymorphisms and human herpesviruses 6 (HHV6), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infections in children with AH. A total of 106 children with adenoid hypertrophy and 38 healthy children aged 2–11 years were included in this study. All children with adenoid hypertrophy were divided into three subgroups depending on the adenoid size. The viruses were determined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using commercially available kits (QIAGEN, Germany). HHV6 was more frequently detected in patients with AH compared with CMV and EBV. Among the three subgroups of children with AH, HH6 and EBV were prevalent in the children with the largest adenoid size. The frequency of genotype GG tended to be higher in the control group of children. We found significantly higher frequencies of the G allele and GG and GA genotypes for IL-10 rs1800896 in the subgroup of children with the smallest size of adenoid compared with other subgroups. In conclusion, HHV6 and EBV infection could contribute to the adenoid size. The genotype GG for IL-10 rs1800896 could contribute to the resistance to adenoid hypertrophy and the spread of the adenoid tissue. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Adenoid Hypertrophy Risk in Children Carriers of G-1082A Polymorphism of <i>IL-10</i> Infected with Human Herpes Virus (HHV6, EBV, CMV)

Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is considered one of the most common diseases in the ear, nose and throat (ENT) practice. The cause of adenoid hypertrophy in children is still unknown. The main aim of the current study was to investigate IL-10 (interleukin 10) gene polymorphisms and human herpesviruses 6 (HHV6), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infections in children with AH. A total of 106 children with adenoid hypertrophy and 38 healthy children aged 2–11 years were included in this study. All children with adenoid hypertrophy were divided into three subgroups depending on the adenoid size. The viruses were determined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using commercially available kits (QIAGEN, Germany). HHV6 was more frequently detected in patients with AH compared with CMV and EBV. Among the three subgroups of children with AH, HH6 and EBV were prevalent in the children with the largest adenoid size. The frequency of genotype GG tended to be higher in the control group of children. We found significantly higher frequencies of the G allele and GG and GA genotypes for IL-10 rs1800896 in the subgroup of children with the smallest size of adenoid compared with other subgroups. In conclusion, HHV6 and EBV infection could contribute to the adenoid size. The genotype GG for IL-10 rs1800896 could contribute to the resistance to adenoid hypertrophy and the spread of the adenoid tissue

MODERN APPROACHES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND CONSERVING THERAPY OF ADENOMYOSIS

At this point in modern gynecology there are no uniform standards in the diagnosis and treatment of adenomyosis. This problem requires special attention, since there is a tendency to increase the incidence of this disease, especially in younger women. The paper presents the data in the literature about the different methods of diagnosis (hysteroscopy, ultrasound, MRI), and provides criteria for evaluation of these methods. Of greatest interest are the data of foreign authors on a new method of treatment of adenomyosis – magnetic resonance- guided focused ultrasound surgery