Composability and Generalized Entropy

We address in this paper how tightly the composability nature of systems: $S_{A+B} =\Omega (S_A, S_B)$ constrains definition of generalized entropies and investigate explicitly the composability in some ansatz of the entropy form.Comment: 16 pages, LATEX file. To be published in Phys. Lett.

A sustentabilidade econômica e social da produção de frangos e suínos em Santa Catarina e no Brasil.

Projeto: 04.08.08.017

Birth size and breast cancer risk: Re-analysis of individual participant data from 32 studied

Background Birth size, perhaps a proxy for prenatal environment, might be a correlate of subsequent breast cancer risk, but findings from epidemiological studies have been inconsistent. We re-analysed individual participant data from published and unpublished studies to obtain more precise estimates of the magnitude and shape of the birth size–breast cancer association. Methods and Findings Studies were identified through computer-assisted and manual searches, and personal communication with investigators. Individual participant data from 32 studies, comprising 22,058 breast cancer cases, were obtained. Random effect models were used, if appropriate, to combine study-specific estimates of effect. Birth weight was positively associated with breast cancer risk in studies based on birth records (pooled relative risk [RR] per one standard deviation [SD] [= 0.5 kg] increment in birth weight: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.09) and parental recall when the participants were children (1.02; 95% CI 0.99–1.05), but not in those based on adult self-reports, or maternal recall during the woman's adulthood (0.98; 95% CI 0.95–1.01) (p for heterogeneity between data sources = 0.003). Relative to women who weighed 3.000–3.499 kg, the risk was 0.96 (CI 0.80–1.16) in those who weighed < 2.500 kg, and 1.12 (95% CI 1.00–1.25) in those who weighed ≥ 4.000 kg (p for linear trend = 0.001) in birth record data. Birth length and head circumference from birth records were also positively associated with breast cancer risk (pooled RR per one SD increment: 1.06 [95% CI 1.03–1.10] and 1.09 [95% CI 1.03–1.15], respectively). Simultaneous adjustment for these three birth size variables showed that length was the strongest independent predictor of risk. The birth size effects did not appear to be confounded or mediated by established breast cancer risk factors and were not modified by age or menopausal status. The cumulative incidence of breast cancer per 100 women by age 80 y in the study populations was estimated to be 10.0, 10.0, 10.4, and 11.5 in those who were, respectively, in the bottom, second, third, and top fourths of the birth length distribution. Conclusions This pooled analysis of individual participant data is consistent with birth size, and in particular birth length, being an independent correlate of breast cancer risk in adulthood

Estudos para definição de meios de cultura e métodos de desinfestação de explantes de plantas adultas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguarienses St. Hill).

Este trabalho é o resultado de uma série de estudos objetivando avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tratamentos (desinfestantes, antioxidantes, bactericidas, reguladores de crescimento e meios de cultura) na desinfestação e no controle da oxidação para o estabelecimento in vitro de explantes de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis), procedentes de árvores de 8 anos de idade, de Colombo - PR. A avaliação dos experimentos foi realizada sete dias após sua introdução in vitro, sendo verificadas grandes taxas gerais de contaminação por fungos e bactérias, bem como, a ocorrência de oxidação nos explantes. De forma geral, conclui-se que o hipoclorito de sódio a 1,5%, com tempo de imersão de 30 minutos e o etanol (álcool 70%) a dois minutos em explantes oriundos de brotações de mudas enxertadas foram os que proporcionaram os melhores resultados.Secão: Conservação, Melhoramento e Multiplicação. Feira do Agronegócio da Erva-mate, 1., 2003, Chapecó. Integrar para promover o agronegócio da erva-mate