Performance and emissions of an agricultural diesel engine fuelled with different diesel and methyl ester blends

This paper shows the results of an investigation carried out to assess the application of different fuels produced by blending diesel fuel with methyl ester obtained from mixture of 75% (v/v) sunflower oil and 25% (v/v) used cooking oil on a Kubota agricultural indirect injection diesel engine, natural aspirated, and with a rated horsepower of 19.7 kW. Seven fuels, namely diesel fuel; 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (%v/v) blends were prepared and tested for the performance of the diesel engine in accordance with the standardised OECD test code 2. The test results showed that the performance of the engine was satisfactory without a significant reduction in power output and torque with blends smaller than 50%. Fuel consumptions with biodiesel were higher than that when fuelled with diesel but differences were not very marked up to 30% blends. As the reduction of the engine thermal efficiency was less than the corresponding reduction in heating value of the different biodiesel blends, the latter resulted in a more complete combustion in comparison with diesel fuel. The oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions were found to be reduced as the biodiesel concentration increase, particularly with 70% and 100% blends. The emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) were lower and increased at a lower rate with the oxygen concentration of the exhaust as the biodiesel blends were equal or higher than 50%

El contrato de transporte aéreo y marítimo, su regulación internacional

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída en 1978.Fac. de DerechoTRUEProQuestpu

El contrato de transporte aéreo y marítimo, su regulación internacional

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída en 1978.Fac. de DerechoTRUEProQuestpu

Generation of TALEN-mediated GRdim knock-in rats by homologous recombination.

Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALEN) are potential tools for precise genome engineering of laboratory animals. We report the first targeted genomic integration in the rat using TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases) by homology-derived recombination (HDR). We assembled TALENs and designed a linear donor insert targeting a pA476T mutation in the rat Glucocorticoid Receptor (Nr3c1) namely GR(dim), that prevents receptor homodimerization in the mouse. TALEN mRNA and linear double-stranded donor were microinjected into rat one-cell embryos. Overall, we observed targeted genomic modifications in 17% of the offspring, indicating high TALEN cutting efficiency in rat zygotes

Molecular diversity within clones of cv. Tannat (Vitis vinifera)

DNAs from 9 clones of cv. Tannat (Vitis vinifera) were analyzed at 89 microsatellite loci. Only one, VMCNg 1d12, showed a differential pattern that separated the clones in two groups. The statistical analysis of concentrations for aroma compounds from microvinifications also resulted in the same two groupings of clones. Many analyzed microsatellite loci amplified only one allele, implying that Tannat is a highly homozygous variety. For a given set of 15 microsatellites the level of homozygosity was 53 % for Tannat, in contrast to 6 % for Pinot, 20 % for both Cabernet Franc and Chardonnay and 33 % for Cabernet Sauvignon. We provide molecular data for Tannat, originating from southwestern France and nowadays becoming the emblematic cultivar of Uruguayan fine red wines. We also report a correlation between aroma-related compounds and molecular markers within clones of a cultivar.

Surveillance of Candida spp Bloodstream Infections: Epidemiological Trends and Risk Factors of Death in Two Mexican Tertiary Care Hospitals

Introduction: Larger populations at risk, broader use of antibiotics and longer hospital stays have impacted on the incidence of Candida sp. bloodstream infections (CBSI).Objective: To determine clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients with CBSI in two tertiary care reference medical institutions in Mexico City.Design: Prospective and observational laboratory-based surveillance study conducted from 07/2008 to 06/2010.Methods: All patients with CBSI were included. Identification and antifungal susceptibility were performed using CLSI M27-A3 standard procedures. Frequencies, Mann-Whitney U test or T test were used as needed. Risk factors were determined with multivariable analysis and binary logistic regression analysis.Results: CBSI represented 3.8% of nosocomial bloodstream infections. Cumulative incidence was 2.8 per 1000 discharges (incidence rate: 0.38 per 1000 patient-days). C. albicans was the predominant species (46%), followed by C. tropicalis (26%). C. glabrata was isolated from patients with diabetes (50%), and elderly patients. Sixty-four patients (86%) received antifungals. Amphotericin-B deoxycholate (AmBD) was the most commonly used agent (66%). Overall mortality rate reached 46%, and risk factors for death were APACHE II score >= 16 (OR = 6.94, CI95% = 2.34-20.58, p<0.0001), and liver disease (OR = 186.11, CI95% = 7.61-4550.20, p = 0.001). Full susceptibility to fluconazole, AmBD and echinocandins among C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis was observed.Conclusions: the cumulative incidence rate in these centers was higher than other reports from tertiary care hospitals from Latin America. Knowledge of local epidemiologic patterns permits the design of more specific strategies for prevention and preemptive therapy of CBSI.Pfizer Inc.Salvador Zubiran Natl Inst Med Sci & Nutr, Dept Med, Mexico City, DF, MexicoHosp Escuela Tegucigalpa, Tegucigalpa, HondurasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilNatl Canc Inst, Div Infect Dis, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Nacl Colombia, Dept Internal Med, Bogota, ColombiaUniv Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Med, Lima, PeruHosp Vargas Caracas, Caracas, VenezuelaCtr Med Caracas, Caracas, VenezuelaUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Univ Hosp, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Texas Med Sch Houston, Mem Hermann Texas Med Ctr, Dept Med, Houston, TX USAUniv Fed Parana, Hosp Clin, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Chile, Fac Med, Hosp Luis Calvo Mackenna, Dept Pediat, Santiago 7, ChileUniv Desarrollo, Clin Alemana, Dept Med, Santiago, ChileHosp Clin Jose San Martin, Infect Dis Unit, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaPontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Fac Med, Hosp Vozandes, Quito, EcuadorUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilPfizer Inc.: INF-168Web of Scienc

Modelos de Crecimiento de Frutos de Limonero 'Eureka' de la Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina

El objetivo de este trabajo fue modelar el crecimiento de limonero ‘Eureka’ (Citrus limón (L.) Burn f) injertado sobre Limón Rugoso (Citrus jambhiri Lush), desde los 60 días después de plena floración hasta la cosecha, en plantaciones comerciales, de la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina. Para ello se registró el diámetro ecuatorial de frutos desde los 60 días después de plena floración hasta el momento de cosecha en cuatro ambientes de la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina. Para describir el crecimiento se compararon los modelos no lineales de tipo sigmoideo: logístico, Gompertz y monomolecular. Se utilizaron como criterios de selección de los modelos: AIC, BIC y el CME (cuadrado medio del error). La precisión del modelo seleccionado se obtuvo mediante validación cruzada. Los modelos seleccionados para describir el crecimiento de frutos de limonero ‘Eureka’ fueron los modelos monomolecular y logístico, los cuales tuvieron un error de estimación que fue medido en términos del CME con valores menores a 20,03. Los parámetros estimados para los modelos seleccionados resultaron significativos (p &lt; 0,01). De esta manera, productores, y empresas exportadoras citrícolas de la región podrán contar con una herramienta con la que puedan predecir la producción al momento de cosecha y así para prever estrategias de comercialización

Multiple paternal origins of domestic cattle revealed by Y-specific interspersed multilocus microsatellites

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Endohelminth parasites of seven goodein species (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) from Lake Zacapu , Michoacán, Central Mexico Plateau

A total of 11 parasitic endohelminth taxa were found in 7 freshwater fish species of the subfamily Goodeinae in Zacapu Lake, Michoacan, Mexico. Six were adults (Margotrema cf. bravoae, Phyllodistomum sp., Saccocoelioides sogandaresi, Rhabdochona lichtenfelsi, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi and Caryophillidae gen. sp.), while the remaining 5 taxa (Clinostomum complanatum, Posthodiplostomum minimum, Tylodelphis sp., Eustrongylides sp. and Polymorphus brevis) were larvae. The taxa S. sogandaresi, Tylodelphis sp., and R. lichtenfelsi reached the highest levels of prevalence and mean abundance among all hosts, while the cestodes B. acheilognathi and Caryophillidae gen. sp. showed the lowest values. This study contributes with the inventory of the freshwater fish helminth fauna in Central Mexico Plateau, and particularly with the previous work that has been done with Goodeinae, a subfamily of freshwater fishes endemic to that part of the country