2,519 research outputs found
The theorem of consumer surplus and demand elasticity at equilibrium price in a monopolist competition case
In the market of a monopolistically competition the price of a long-run equilibrium, the consumers’ surplus is equal to a half of fixed cost value, and the price elasticity is equal to the ratio of total to fixed costs.consumer surplus; price elasticity
Synthetic Light Curves of Shocked Dense Circumstellar Shells
We numerically investigate light curves (LCs) of shocked circumstellar shells
which are suggested to reproduce the observed LC of superluminous SN 2006gy
analytically. In the previous analytical model, the effects of the
recombination and the bolometric correction on LCs are not taken into account.
To see the effects, we perform numerical radiation hydrodynamic calculations of
shocked shells by using STELLA, which can numerically treat multigroup
radiation transfer with realistic opacities. We show that the effects of the
recombination and the bolometric correction are significant and the analytical
model should be compare to the bolometric LC instead of a single band LC. We
find that shocked circumstellar shells have a rapid LC decline initially
because of the adiabatic expansion rather than the luminosity increase and the
shocked shells fail to explain the LC properties of SN 2006gy. However, our
synthetic LCs are qualitatively similar to those of superluminous SN 2003ma and
SN 1988Z and they may be related to shocked circumstellar shells.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, accepted by Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Societ
A proposal for a generalized canonical osp(1,2) quantization of dynamical systems with constraints
The aim of this paper is to consider a possibility of constructing for
arbitrary dynamical systems with first-class constraints a generalized
canonical quantization method based on the osp(1,2) supersymmetry principle.
This proposal can be considered as a counterpart to the osp(1,2)-covariant
Lagrangian quantization method introduced recently by Geyer, Lavrov and
M\"ulsch. The gauge dependence of Green's functions is studied. It is shown
that if the parameter m^2 of the osp(1,2) superalgebra is not equal to zero
then the vacuum functional and S-matrix depend on the gauge. In the limit the gauge independence of vacuum functional and S - matrix are restored. The
Ward identities related to the osp(1,2) symmetry are derived.Comment: Revised version. To appear in Mod.Phys.Lett.
Relation between the and nuclear matrix elements revisited
We show that the dominant Gamow-Teller part, , of the nuclear
matrix element governing the neutrinoless decay is related to the
matrix element governing the allowed two-neutrino
decay. That relation is revealed when these matrix elements are expressed as
functions of the relative distance between the pair of neutrons that are
transformed into a pair of protons in the decay. Analyzing this
relation allows us to understand the contrasting behavior of these matrix
elements when and is changed; while changes slowly and
smoothly, has pronounced shell effects. We also discuss the
possibility of phenomenological determination of the
and from them of the values from the
experimental study of the strength functions
Violation of Lorentz Invariance and neutral component of UHECR
The observed clustering of ultra-high energy cosmic rays suggests the
existence of a neutral component. The models with violation of Lorentz
invariance may explain this component by neutrons becoming stable above some
threshold energy E_0. The protons, in turn, may become unstable above some
energy E_1>E_0. We calculate the dependence of the threshold energies E_0 and
E_1 on the parameters of the model and find E_1/E_0\gsim 1.5. We argue that the
characteristic threshold behavior of charged and neutral components may be used
as the specific signature of models with violation of Lorentz invariance. The
existence of the neutron stability threshold E_0 can be investigated with
already existing data.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure
Eclipsing Binaries Showing Light Time Effect
Four eclipsing binaries, which show apparent changes of period, have been
studied with respect to a possible presence of the light time effect. With a
least squares method we calculated new light elements of these systems, the
mass function of the predicted third body, and its minimum mass. We discuss the
probability of the presence of such bodies in terms of mass function, changes
in radial velocity and third light in solution of light curves.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, conference proceeding
A search for peculiar stars in the open cluster Hogg 16
The study of chemically peculiar (CP) stars in open clusters provides
valuable information about their evolutionary status. Their detection can be
performed using the photometric system, which maps a characteristic
flux depression at \AA. This paper aims at studying the
occurrence of CP stars in the earliest stages of evolution of a stellar
population by applying this technique to Hogg 16, a very young Galactic open
cluster (about 25 Myr). We identified several peculiar candidates: two B-type
stars with a negative index (CD-60 4701, CPD-60 4706) are likely
emission-line (Be) stars, even though spectral measurements are necessary for a
proper classification of the second one; a third object (CD-60 4703),
identified as a Be candidate in literature, appears to be a background B-type
supergiant with no significant index, which does not rule out the
possibility that it is indeed peculiar as the normality line of for
supergiants has not been studied in detail yet. A fourth object (CD-60 4699)
appears to be a magnetic CP star of 8 M, but obtained spectral data
seem to rule out this hypothesis. Three more magnetic CP star candidates are
found in the domain of early F-type stars. One is a probable nonmember and
close to the border of significance, but the other two are probably pre-main
sequence cluster objects. This is very promising, as it can lead to very strong
constraints to the diffusion theory. Finally, we derived the fundamental
parameters of Hogg 16 and provide for the first time an estimate of its metal
content.Comment: Accepted for publication in New Astronomy. 9 pages, 4 figures, and 4
tables. A complete data table is available via CDS or upon request from the
corresponding autho
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