О СЛУЧАЯХ ВСТРЕЧАЕМОСТИ Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788) FREEBORN, 1923 В ЯЙЦАХ КУР И ИХ ПРИЧИНА

Analysis of the generalized literature reports and the own case of detection Ascaridia galli in chicken eggs is provided. Data on migration and unusual localization of these nematodes and larvae of species of the suborder Ascaridata are being discussed (Skryabin, 1915). The results allow us to presume that the incorrect localization of parasites is not casuistry but a component of parasites' evolution, their survival and expansion of their habitat. Description of morphology A. galli detected in a bird's egg is submitted. Figures of separate body parts and organs A. galli are presented. The unusual localization of helminths is a result of changing physical and biochemical conditions of their habitat and biological competition with other inhabitants including own species at high intensity of infection. Measures of protection against ascariasis and its therapy are necessary to prevent ascarids (roundworms) in birds' eggs. The prevention measures consist in avoiding infection of birds. The results of coproovoscopy shown that birds’ dehelmintization contributes to their migration. Представлен анализ обобщенных литературных сообщений и собственного случая обнаружения аскаридий Ascaridia galli в яйцах кур. Обсуждаются данные о миграции и необычной локализации этих нематод и личинок представителей подотряда Ascaridata (Sckrjabin, 1915). Результаты дают возможность считать, что «извращенная» локализация не казуистическое явление, а эволюционная составляющая паразитов, их выживаемости и расширения сферы обитания. Дано описание морфологии A. galli, обнаруженных в яйце птицы. Приведены рисунки отдельных частей и органов A. galli. Необычная локализация гельминтов является следствием изменения физических и биохимических условий среды их обитания и биологическая конкуренция с другими обитателями, в том числе и собственного вида при высокой интенсивности инвазии. Предупреждением появления аскаридий в яйцах птиц служит профилактика и терапия аскаридиоза. Профилактика заключается в недопущении заражения птиц. Дегельминтизация по результатам копроовоскопии способствует их миграции.

Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium muris from various hosts

Isolates of Cryptosporidium muris and C. serpentis were characterized from different hosts using nucleotide sequence analysis of the rDNA 18S and ITS1 regions, and the heat-shock (HSP-70) gene. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed preliminary evidence that C. muris is not a uniform species. Two distinct genotypes were identified within C. muris; (1) C. muris genotype A; comprising bovine and camel isolates of C. muris from different geographical locations, and (2) C. muris genotype B comprising C. muris isolates from mice, a hamster, a rock hyrax and a camel from the same enclosure. These 2 genotypes may represent separate species but further biological and molecular studies are required for confirmation

A redescription of Cryptosporidium galli Pavlasek, 1999 (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from birds

Clyptosporidium galli Pavlasek, 1999, described from the feces of birds, is redescribed with additional molecular and biological data. Oocysts are ellipsoidal, are passed fully sporulated, lack sporocysts, and measure 8.25 × 6.3 μm (range 8.0-8.5 × 6.2-6.4 μm) with a length-width ratio of 1.30 (n = 50). Oocysts are structurally similar to those of Cryptosporidium baileyi described from chickens, but in addition to being considerably larger than oocysts of C. baileyi, these oocysts infect the proventriculus in a variety of birds and not the respiratory tract. Oocysts were successfully transmitted from chickens to chickens, and morphologically similar oocysts also were observed in a variety of exotic and wild birds (Order Passeriformes, Phasianidae, Fringillidae, and Icteridae). Molecular and phylogenetic analyses at the 18S rRNA, HSP70, and actin gene loci demonstrate that this species is genetically distinct from all known species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and, thus, was named C. galli

The first finding of a natural infection of Cryptosporidium muris in a cat

Little is known about the species of Cryptosporidium infecting cats. The limited number of genetic studies conducted to date, have all identified C. felis as the species of Cryptosporidium in cats. We report a morphological and genetic description of a natural C. muris infection in a cat. Oocysts were viable and were successfully transmitted to laboratory mice. Further studies are required to determine the range and prevalence of Cryptosporidium species infecting cats

Cryptosporidium varanii takes precedence over C. saurophilum

We present biological as well as genetic analysis of Cryptosporidium varanii at the 18S rRNA and actin loci and show that it is genetically identical to C. saurophilum. As C. varanii was described prior to C. saurophilum, it takes precedence over C. saurophilum and therefore C. saurophilum should be considered a junior synonym of C. varanii

CAUSE AND OCCURRENCE OF Ascaridia galli (SCHRANK, 1788) FREEBORN, 1923 IN CHICKEN EGGS

Analysis of the generalized literature reports and the own case of detection Ascaridia galli in chicken eggs is provided. Data on migration and unusual localization of these nematodes and larvae of species of the suborder Ascaridata are being discussed (Skryabin, 1915). The results allow us to presume that the incorrect localization of parasites is not casuistry but a component of parasites' evolution, their survival and expansion of their habitat. Description of morphology A. galli detected in a bird's egg is submitted. Figures of separate body parts and organs A. galli are presented. The unusual localization of helminths is a result of changing physical and biochemical conditions of their habitat and biological competition with other inhabitants including own species at high intensity of infection. Measures of protection against ascariasis and its therapy are necessary to prevent ascarids (roundworms) in birds' eggs. The prevention measures consist in avoiding infection of birds. The results of coproovoscopy shown that birds’ dehelmintization contributes to their migration