689 research outputs found
Low-Frequency Quantum Sensing
低周波信号の新規高感度量子センシング手法を開発 --NV量子センサを用いた核磁気共鳴(NMR)世界最小線幅を実証--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-11-01.Exquisite sensitivities are a prominent advantage of quantum sensors. Ramsey sequences allow precise measurement of direct current fields, while Hahn-echo-like sequences measure alternating current fields. However, the latter are restrained for use with high-frequency fields (above approximately 1kHz) due to finite coherence times, leaving less-sensitive noncoherent methods for the low-frequency range. In this paper, we propose to bridge the gap with a fitting-based algorithm with a frequency-independent sensitivity to coherently measure low-frequency fields. As the algorithm benefits from coherence-based measurements, its demonstration with a single nitrogen-vacancy center gives a sensitivity of 9.4nT Hz⁻⁰.⁵ for frequencies below about 0.6kHz down to near-constant fields. To inspect the potential in various scenarios, we apply the algorithm at a background field of tens of nTs, and we measure low-frequency signals via synchronization
A new scheme for the running coupling constant in gauge theories using Wilson loops
We propose a new renormalization scheme of the running coupling constant in
general gauge theories using the Wilson loops. The renormalized coupling
constant is obtained from the Creutz ratio in lattice simulations and the
corresponding perturbative coefficient at the leading order. The latter can be
calculated by adopting the zeta-function resummation techniques. We perform a
benchmark test of our scheme in quenched QCD with the plaquette gauge action.
The running of the coupling constant is determined by applying the step-scaling
procedure. Using several methods to improve the statistical accuracy, we show
that the running coupling constant can be determined in a wide range of energy
scales with relatively small number of gauge configurations.Comment: 30pages, figs and comments added,reference added(v3
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF PHYCOBILIPROTEINS
Native PEC from the cyanobacterium, Mastigocladus laminosus, and its isolated α-subunit show photoreversibly photochromic reactions with difference-maxima around 502 and 570 nm in the spectral region of the α-84 phycoviolobilin chromophore. (b) Native PEC and its β-subunit show little if any reversible photochemistry in the 600–620 nm region, where the phycocyanobilin chromophores on the β-subunit absorb maximally, (c) Reversible photochemistry is retained in ureadenatured PEC at pH = 7.0 or pH ≤ 3. The difference maxima are shifted to 510 and 600 nm, and the amplitudes are decreased. An irreversible absorbance increase occurs around 670 nm (pH ≤ 3). (d) The amplitude of the reversible photoreaction difference spectrum is maximum in the presence of 4–5 M urea or 1 M KSCN, conditions known to dissociate phycobiliprotein aggregates into monomers. At the same time, the phycocyanobilin chromophore(s) are bleached irreversibly, (e) The amplitude becomes very small in high aggregates, e.g. in phycobilisomes. (f) In a reciprocal manner, the phototransformation of native PEC leads to a reversible shift of its aggregation equilibrium between trimer and monomer. The latter is favored by orange, the former by green light, (g) It is concluded that the phycoviolobilin chromophore of PEC is responsible for reversible photochemistry in PEC, and that there is not only an influence of aggregation state on photochemistry, but also vice versa an effect of the status of the chromophore on aggregation state. This could constitute a primary signal in the putative function as sensory pigment, either directly, or indirectly via the release of other polypeptides, via photodynamic effects, or the like
Efficient measurement of quantum gate error by interleaved randomized benchmarking
We describe a scalable experimental protocol for obtaining estimates of the
error rate of individual quantum computational gates. This protocol, in which
random Clifford gates are interleaved between a gate of interest, provides a
bounded estimate of the average error of the gate under test so long as the
average variation of the noise affecting the full set of Clifford gates is
small. This technique takes into account both state preparation and measurement
errors and is scalable in the number of qubits. We apply this protocol to a
superconducting qubit system and find gate errors that compare favorably with
the gate errors extracted via quantum process tomography.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, published versio
Spontaneous Parity Violation in SUSY Strong Gauge Theory
We suggest simple models of spontaneous parity violation in supersymmetric
strong gauge theory. We focus on left-right symmetric model and investigate
vacuum with spontaneous parity violation. Non-perturbative effects are
calculable in supersymmetric gauge theory, and we suggest two new models. The
first model shows confinement, and the second model has a dual description of
the theory. The left-right symmetry breaking and electroweak symmetry breaking
are simultaneously occurred with the suitable energy scale hierarchy. The
second model also induces spontaneous supersymmetry breaking.Comment: 14 page
Three-generation Models from E_8 Magnetized Extra Dimensional Theory
We study 10D super Yang-Mills E8 theory on the 6D torus compactification with
magnetic fluxes. We study systematically the possibilities for realizing 4D
supersymmetric standard models with three generations of quarks and leptons. We
also study quark mass matrices.Comment: 30 page
Study of the conformal hyperscaling relation through the Schwinger-Dyson equation
We study corrections to the conformal hyperscaling relation in the conformal
window of the large Nf QCD by using the ladder Schwinger-Dyson (SD) equation as
a concrete dynamical model. From the analytical expression of the solution of
the ladder SD equation, we identify the form of the leading mass correction to
the hyperscaling relation. We find that the anomalous dimension, when
identified through the hyperscaling relation neglecting these corrections,
yields a value substantially lower than the one at the fixed point \gamma_m^*
for large mass region. We further study finite-volume effects on the
hyperscaling relation, based on the ladder SD equation in a finite space-time
with the periodic boundary condition. We find that the finite-volume
corrections on the hyperscaling relation are negligible compared with the mass
correction. The anomalous dimension, when identified through the finite-size
hyperscaling relation neglecting the mass corrections as is often done in the
lattice analyses, yields almost the same value as that in the case of the
infinite space-time neglecting the mass correction, i.e., a substantially lower
value than \gamma_m^* for large mass. We also apply the finite-volume SD
equation to the chiral-symmetry-breaking phase and find that when the theory is
close to the critical point such that the dynamically generated mass is much
smaller than the explicit breaking mass, the finite-size hyperscaling relation
is still operative. We also suggest a concrete form of the modification of the
finite-size hyperscaling relation by including the mass correction, which may
be useful to analyze the lattice data.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure
E6,7,8 Magnetized Extra Dimensional Models
We study 10D super Yang-Mills theory with the gauge groups , and
. We consider the torus/orbifold compacfitication with magnetic fluxes and
Wilson lines. They lead to 4D interesting models with three families of quarks
and leptons, whose profiles in extra dimensions are quasi-localized because of
magnetic fluxes.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figur
Gauge-Higgs Dark Matter
When the anti-periodic boundary condition is imposed for a bulk field in
extradimensional theories, independently of the background metric, the lightest
component in the anti-periodic field becomes stable and hence a good candidate
for the dark matter in the effective 4D theory due to the remaining accidental
discrete symmetry. Noting that in the gauge-Higgs unification scenario,
introduction of anti-periodic fermions is well-motivated by a phenomenological
reason, we investigate dark matter physics in the scenario. As an example, we
consider a five-dimensional SO(5)\timesU(1)_X gauge-Higgs unification model
compactified on the with the warped metric. Due to the structure of
the gauge-Higgs unification, interactions between the dark matter particle and
the Standard Model particles are largely controlled by the gauge symmetry, and
hence the model has a strong predictive power for the dark matter physics.
Evaluating the dark matter relic abundance, we identify a parameter region
consistent with the current observations. Furthermore, we calculate the elastic
scattering cross section between the dark matter particle and nucleon and find
that a part of the parameter region is already excluded by the current
experimental results for the direct dark matter search and most of the region
will be explored in future experiments.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure
Where is SUSY?
The direct searches for Superymmetry at colliders can be complemented by
direct searches for dark matter (DM) in underground experiments, if one assumes
the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP) provides the dark matter of the
universe. It will be shown that within the Constrained minimal Supersymmetric
Model (CMSSM) the direct searches for DM are complementary to direct LHC
searches for SUSY and Higgs particles using analytical formulae. A combined
excluded region from LHC, WMAP and XENON100 will be provided, showing that
within the CMSSM gluinos below 1 TeV and LSP masses below 160 GeV are excluded
(m_{1/2} > 400 GeV) independent of the squark masses.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure
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