Sposoby usprawniania angiogenezy terapeutycznej w chorobach serca

Nowoczesna eksperymentalna strategia leczenia niedokrwienia mięśnia sercowego polega na wywoływania neowaskularyzacji przy użyciu mediatorów indukujących angiogenezę. Najczęściej stosowanymi cytokinami angiogennymi są: naczyniowy czynnik wzrostu śródbłonka (VEGF), fibroblastyczny czynnik wzrostu (FGF), insulinopodobne czynniki wzrostu (IGF), płytkowopochodny czynnik wzrostu (PDGF) i hepatocytarny czynnik wzrostu (HGF). Podaje się je dożylnie bądź miejscowo do mięśnia sercowego, do osierdzia, do naczyń wieńcowych, śródprzydankowo oraz okołonaczyniowo. Cytokiny angiogenne stosuje się także w postaci transferu genów za pośrednictwem adenowirusów, podawania nagiego DNA bądź mioblastów produkujących czynniki wzrostowe. Ostatnio dużo miejsca poświęca się zagadnieniom kardioprotekcji i angiogenezy terapeutycznej bez użycia cytokin, za pośrednictwem przeszczepiania śródbłonkowych komórek progenitorowych oraz wykorzystania hipoksycznego oraz niedokrwiennego prekondycjonowania

Sposoby usprawniania angiogenezy terapeutycznej w chorobach serca

Nowoczesna eksperymentalna strategia leczenia niedokrwienia mięśnia sercowego polega na wywoływania neowaskularyzacji przy użyciu mediatorów indukujących angiogenezę. Najczęściej stosowanymi cytokinami angiogennymi są: naczyniowy czynnik wzrostu śródbłonka (VEGF), fibroblastyczny czynnik wzrostu (FGF), insulinopodobne czynniki wzrostu (IGF), płytkowopochodny czynnik wzrostu (PDGF) i hepatocytarny czynnik wzrostu (HGF). Podaje się je dożylnie bądź miejscowo do mięśnia sercowego, do osierdzia, do naczyń wieńcowych, śródprzydankowo oraz okołonaczyniowo. Cytokiny angiogenne stosuje się także w postaci transferu genów za pośrednictwem adenowirusów, podawania nagiego DNA bądź mioblastów produkujących czynniki wzrostowe. Ostatnio dużo miejsca poświęca się zagadnieniom kardioprotekcji i angiogenezy terapeutycznej bez użycia cytokin, za pośrednictwem przeszczepiania śródbłonkowych komórek progenitorowych oraz wykorzystania hipoksycznego oraz niedokrwiennego prekondycjonowania

Association of jasmonic acid priming with multiple defense mechanisms in wheat plants under high salt stress

Salinity is a global conundrum that negatively affects various biometrics of agricultural crops. Jasmonic acid (JA) is a phytohormone that reinforces multilayered defense strategies against abiotic stress, including salinity. This study investigated the effect of JA (60 μM) on two wheat cultivars, namely ZM9 and YM25, exposed to NaCl (14.50 dSm−1) during two consecutive growing seasons. Morphologically, plants primed with JA enhanced the vegetative growth and yield components. The improvement of growth by JA priming is associated with increased photosynthetic pigments, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, maximal photosystem II efficiency, and transpiration rate of the stressed plants. Furthermore, wheat cultivars primed with JA showed a reduction in the swelling of the chloroplast, recovery of the disintegrated thylakoids grana, and increased plastoglobuli numbers compared to saline-treated plants. JA prevented dehydration of leaves by increasing relative water content and water use efficiency via reducing water and osmotic potential using proline as an osmoticum. There was a reduction in sodium (Na+) and increased potassium (K+) contents, indicating a significant role of JA priming in ionic homeostasis, which was associated with induction of the transporters, viz., SOS1, NHX2, and HVP1. Exogenously applied JA mitigated the inhibitory effect of salt stress in plants by increasing the endogenous levels of cytokinins and indole acetic acid, and reducing the abscisic acid (ABA) contents. In addition, the oxidative stress caused by increasing hydrogen peroxide in salt-stressed plants was restrained by JA, which was associated with increased α-tocopherol, phenolics, and flavonoids levels and triggered the activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity. This increase in phenolics and flavonoids could be explained by the induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity. The results suggest that JA plays a key role at the morphological, biochemical, and genetic levels of stressed and non-stressed wheat plants which is reflected in yield attributes. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analyses showed that salt sensitivity was associated with the increments of Na+, hydrogen peroxide, and ABA contents. The regulatory role of JA under salinity stress was interlinked with increased JA level which consequentially improved ion transporting, osmoregulation, and antioxidant defense

Analysis of multiple biomarkers revealed the size matters of Cu particles for barley response under foliar exposure

[[abstract]]The impact of particle size of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on plant response has marginally been investigated under the foliar application so far. Concerning the significance of particle diameter for their properties and interaction with plants, the effect of size should be considered in the analysis of the effect of micronutrient-based ENPs on plants. It is of particular importance for ENPs containing Cu due to plants needing a relatively low amount of this element, thus there is a risk of overdosing during application as a fertilizer or pesticide. Here, we examined the biochemical and transcriptional response of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to Cu nanoparticles (nano-Cu) with different diameters (25 nm, 50 nm, 70 nm), microparticles (micro-Cu), and chelated Cu (EDTA-Cu). The plants suffering from Cu deficiency were foliar sprayed with Cu compounds at 1000 mg/L during the tillering stage. 1- and 7-day plants were analyzed in terms of biomass, Cu content, the activity of enzymes involved with antioxidant response, the content of low molecular weight compounds, and the expression of genes regulated metal homeostasis, aquaporins, and defense. The results showed that the Cu leaf level was differentiated over time and after 7 days it was higher under exposure to the smallest nano-Cu than other particulate Cu. Regardless of the duration of exposure, the Cu content was highest in plants treated with Cu-EDTA. The cluster analysis of all markers revealed a clear distinct response to the smallest nano-Cu and other particulate and ionic treatments. The bigger nano-Cu, depending on the markers, caused the medium effects between the nano-Cu 25 nm and micro-Cu and Cu-EDTA. The found size thresholds at the nanoscale will be useful for the fabrication of safe-by-design agrochemicals to provide crop security and attenuate environmental impact