42,824 research outputs found
Providing End-to-End Delay Guarantees for Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks over Unreliable Channels
Wireless sensor networks have been increasingly used for real-time
surveillance over large areas. In such applications, it is important to support
end-to-end delay constraints for packet deliveries even when the corresponding
flows require multi-hop transmissions. In addition to delay constraints, each
flow of real-time surveillance may require some guarantees on throughput of
packets that meet the delay constraints. Further, as wireless sensor networks
are usually deployed in challenging environments, it is important to
specifically consider the effects of unreliable wireless transmissions.
In this paper, we study the problem of providing end-to-end delay guarantees
for multi-hop wireless networks. We propose a model that jointly considers the
end-to-end delay constraints and throughput requirements of flows, the need for
multi-hop transmissions, and the unreliable nature of wireless transmissions.
We develop a framework for designing feasibility-optimal policies. We then
demonstrate the utility of this framework by considering two types of systems:
one where sensors are equipped with full-duplex radios, and the other where
sensors are equipped with half-duplex radios. When sensors are equipped with
full-duplex radios, we propose an online distributed scheduling policy and
proves the policy is feasibility-optimal. We also provide a heuristic for
systems where sensors are equipped with half-duplex radios. We show that this
heuristic is still feasibility-optimal for some topologies
An Energy-Aware Protocol for Self-Organizing Heterogeneous LTE Systems
This paper studies the problem of self-organizing heterogeneous LTE systems.
We propose a model that jointly considers several important characteristics of
heterogeneous LTE system, including the usage of orthogonal frequency division
multiple access (OFDMA), the frequency-selective fading for each link, the
interference among different links, and the different transmission capabilities
of different types of base stations. We also consider the cost of energy by
taking into account the power consumption, including that for wireless
transmission and that for operation, of base stations and the price of energy.
Based on this model, we aim to propose a distributed protocol that improves the
spectrum efficiency of the system, which is measured in terms of the weighted
proportional fairness among the throughputs of clients, and reduces the cost of
energy. We identify that there are several important components involved in
this problem. We propose distributed strategies for each of these components.
Each of the proposed strategies requires small computational and
communicational overheads. Moreover, the interactions between components are
also considered in the proposed strategies. Hence, these strategies result in a
solution that jointly considers all factors of heterogeneous LTE systems.
Simulation results also show that our proposed strategies achieve much better
performance than existing ones
Quaternion Electromagnetism and the Relation with 2-Spinor Formalism
By using complex quaternion, which is the system of quaternion representation
extended to complex numbers, we show that the laws of electromagnetism can be
expressed much more simply and concisely. We also derive the quaternion
representation of rotations and boosts from the spinor representation of
Lorentz group. It is suggested that the imaginary 'i' should be attached to the
spatial coordinates, and observe that the complex conjugate of quaternion
representation is exactly equal to parity inversion of all physical quantities
in the quaternion. We also show that using quaternion is directly linked to the
two-spinor formalism. Finally, we discuss meanings of quaternion, octonion and
sedenion in physics as n-fold rotationComment: Version published in journal Universe (2019
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