6 research outputs found

    ТЕПЛОВЫДЕЛЯЮЩИХ СБОРОК ОТ АКТИНИДНЫХ ЗАГРЯЗНИТЕЛЕЙ МЕТОДОМ ИНДУКЦИОННО-ШЛАКОВОЙ ПЕРЕПЛАВКИ В ХОЛОДНОМ ТИГЛЕ

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    «New atomic energy technologies» federal program is being realized in Russia. This program includes experimental energy complex development and building, which contains: - a natural safety lead coolant fast reactor «BREST-300»; - a spent fuel recycle facility including fuel fabrication and re-fabrication, radioactive waste immobilization and discarding in accordance with radioactively-equivalent state. The current recycle facility preliminary design involves dry operation of spent fuel elements disassembly using steel shell dissolution by liquid zinc. Fuel element shells are made of special radiation-proof steel «EP-823» containing the following amounts of elements (%): C - 0.2; Мn - 0.8; Si - 1; S - 0.01; Р - 0.015; Сr - 12; Ni - 0.5; Мо - 0.9; V - 0.2; N - 0.05; Fe - 84.325. After dissolution zinc liquid containing steel elements is distilled. Still zinc is sent back to shells dissolution. The bottom product is destructurized particulate with the composition corresponding to original steel. Actinides steel shell and bottom product contamination was predicted using computer modeling. In accordance with the project technical specification actinide content in the disposable materials must be under 0.0001%. Thus, the bottoms product should be purified. Oxidative slag cold crucible induction melting purification was chosen and tested in laboratory scale. The following slag types were investigated: Al2O3-SiO2, B2O3-SiO2, Al2O3 - CaO. It was found that the most appropriate slag is B2O3-SiO2, and the optimal process temperature is about 1600°C.В настоящий момент в России реализуется федеральная целевая программа «Ядерные энерготехнологии нового поколения» Программа подразумевает разработку и создание опытно-демонстрационного энергокомплекса, включающего: - реактор на быстрых нейтронах со свинцовым теплоносителем, обеспечивающий естественную безопасность, «БРЕСТ-300»; - пристанционный модуль переработки, включающий фабрикацию и рефабрикацию топлива, иммобилизацию и удаление РАО в радиационно-эквивалентном состоянии. В настоящее время эскизный проект модуля переработки включает операцию сухого растворения оболочек ТВЭЛ жидким цинком. ТВЭЛы изготовлены из специальной радиацинно-стойкой стали марки ЭП-823, состоящей из следующих элементов (%): C - 0.2; Мn - 0.8; Si - 1; S - 0.01; Р - 0.015; Сr - 12; Ni - 0.5; Мо - 0.9; V - 0.2; N - 0.05; Fe - 84.325. После растворения цинк подвергают дистилляции и направляют обратно в процесс растворения оболочек ТВЭЛ. Кубовый остаток дистилляции представляет собой крупку, химический состав которой соответствует исходной стали. Как показали результаты компьютерного моделирования, материал оболочек ТВЭЛ и, соответственно, кубовый остаток будут загрязнены актинидами. В соответствии с техническим заданием проекта содержание актинидов в утилизируемых материалах не должно превышать 0.0001% масс., в связи с чем кубовый остаток должен быть очищен. Для очистки был выбран и опробован в лабораторном масштабе метод окислительной индукционно-шлаковой переплавки в холодном тигле. Опробованы следующие типы флюсов: Al2O3-SiO2, B2O3-SiO2, Al2O3 - CaO. Как показали эксперименты, наиболее эффективным оказался флюс на основе боросиликатного стекла B2O3-SiO2 при температуре процесса около 1600°C

    Experience with therapeutic hypothermia in the treatment of ischemic stroke

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    Patients and methods. Craniocerebral hypothermia (CCH) was carried out in 25 patients (18 men and 7 women aged 53—82 years) in the acute period (first 72 hours) of ischemic stroke verified by brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. An ATG-01 Russian apparatus was used for CCH, which can long maintain scalp temperature at +3±2 °С. Results. There was regression of neurological deficit apparently due to reduced brain edema, lowered intracranial pressure, as well as blood flow improvement in the great vessels of the affected hemisphere, which was indirectly suggestive of better blood supply to the penumbral area and decreased lesion volume. By and large, lower brain temperature is able to restrict the development of all basic pathogenetic mechanisms of neuronal damage in cerebral ischemia. It is stated that further investigations are required to prove the efficiency of CCH

    PURIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF SPENT FUEL ASSEMBLIES BY COLD CRUCIBLE INDUCTION MELTING

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    «New atomic energy technologies» federal program is being realized in Russia. This program includes experimental energy complex development and building, which contains: - a natural safety lead coolant fast reactor «BREST-300»; - a spent fuel recycle facility including fuel fabrication and re-fabrication, radioactive waste immobilization and discarding in accordance with radioactively-equivalent state. The current recycle facility preliminary design involves dry operation of spent fuel elements disassembly using steel shell dissolution by liquid zinc. Fuel element shells are made of special radiation-proof steel «EP-823» containing the following amounts of elements (%): C - 0.2; Мn - 0.8; Si - 1; S - 0.01; Р - 0.015; Сr - 12; Ni - 0.5; Мо - 0.9; V - 0.2; N - 0.05; Fe - 84.325. After dissolution zinc liquid containing steel elements is distilled. Still zinc is sent back to shells dissolution. The bottom product is destructurized particulate with the composition corresponding to original steel. Actinides steel shell and bottom product contamination was predicted using computer modeling. In accordance with the project technical specification actinide content in the disposable materials must be under 0.0001%. Thus, the bottoms product should be purified. Oxidative slag cold crucible induction melting purification was chosen and tested in laboratory scale. The following slag types were investigated: Al2O3-SiO2, B2O3-SiO2, Al2O3 - CaO. It was found that the most appropriate slag is B2O3-SiO2, and the optimal process temperature is about 1600°C
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