Movement correction in DCE-MRI through windowed and reconstruction dynamic mode decomposition

Images of the kidneys using dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance renography (DCE-MRR) contains unwanted complex organ motion due to respiration. This gives rise to motion artefacts that hinder the clinical assessment of kidney function. However, due to the rapid change in contrast agent within the DCE-MR image sequence, commonly used intensity-based image registration techniques are likely to fail. While semi-automated approaches involving human experts are a possible alternative, they pose significant drawbacks including inter-observer variability, and the bottleneck introduced through manual inspection of the multiplicity of images produced during a DCE-MRR study. To address this issue, we present a novel automated, registration-free movement correction approach based on windowed and reconstruction variants of dynamic mode decomposition (WR-DMD). Our proposed method is validated on ten different healthy volunteers’ kidney DCEMRI data sets. The results, using block-matching-block evaluation on the image sequence produced by WR-DMD, show the elimination of 99% of mean motion magnitude when compared to the original data sets, thereby demonstrating the viability of automatic movement correction using WR-DMD

Concurrent thermochemoradiotherapy for brain high-grade glioma

Despite the achievements in the current strategies for treatment, the prognosis in malignant glioma patients remains unsatisfactory. Hyperthermia is currently considered to be the most effective and universal modifier of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Preliminary treatment outcomes for 28 patients with newly diagnosed (23) and recurrent (5) high-grade gliomas were presented. All the patients received multimodality treatment including surgery, thermoche-moradiotherapy followed by 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. All the patients endured thermochemoradiotherapy well. A complication, limited skin burn (II stage), was diagnosed in two cases and treated conservatively without treatment interruption. A month after thermochemoradiotherapy the results were as follows: complete regression was achieved in 4 cases, partial regression in 4 cases, stable disease in 14 cases and disease progression in 6 cases (one of them is pseudo-progression). After completing the adjuvant chemotherapy 2 more patients demonstrated complete response and 1 patient had disease progression. Introduction of local hyperthermia in multimodal therapy of malignant glioma does not impair the combined modality treatment tolerability of patients with malignant gliomas. A small number of studied patients and short follow-up time do not allow making reliable conclusions about the impact of local hyperthermia on the treatment outcomes; however, there is a tendency towards the increase in disease-free survival in the patients with newly diagnosed malignant gliomas

Growth characteristics in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta in North America: results from a multicenter study.

PurposeOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) predisposes people to recurrent fractures, bone deformities, and short stature. There is a lack of large-scale systematic studies that have investigated growth parameters in OI.MethodsUsing data from the Linked Clinical Research Centers, we compared height, growth velocity, weight, and body mass index (BMI) in 552 individuals with OI. Height, weight, and BMI were plotted on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention normative curves.ResultsIn children, the median z-scores for height in OI types I, III, and IV were -0.66, -6.91, and -2.79, respectively. Growth velocity was diminished in OI types III and IV. The median z-score for weight in children with OI type III was -4.55. The median z-scores for BMI in children with OI types I, III, and IV were 0.10, 0.91, and 0.67, respectively. Generalized linear model analyses demonstrated that the height z-score was positively correlated with the severity of the OI subtype (P < 0.001), age, bisphosphonate use, and rodding (P < 0.05).ConclusionFrom the largest cohort of individuals with OI, we provide median values for height, weight, and BMI z-scores that can aid the evaluation of overall growth in the clinic setting. This study is an important first step in the generation of OI-specific growth curves

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ЛУЧЕВОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

The paper presents the results of breast imaging for 47200 women. Breast cancer was detected in 862 (1.9%) patients, fibroadenoma in 1267 (2.7%) patients and isolated breast cysts in 1162 (2.4%) patients. Different types of fibrocystic breast disease (adenosis, diffuse fibrocystic changes, local fibrosis and others) were observed in 60.1% of women. Problems of breast cancer visualization during mammography, characterized by the appearance of fibrocystic mastopathy (sclerosing adenosis, fibrous bands along the ducts) have been analyzed. Data on the development of diagnostic algorithms including the modern techniques for ultrasound and interventional radiology aimed at detecting early breast cancer have been presented.  Приводятся результаты выявления патологии молочных желез в диагностическом центре Томского НИИ онкологии. Обследовано 47200 женщин. Рак молочной железы (РМЖ) диагностирован у 862 (1,8%) больных, фиброаденомы – у 1267 (2,7%), изолированные кисты – у 1162 (2,5%). Различные формы фиброзно-кистозной болезни (аденоз, диффузные фиброзно-кистозные изменения, ограниченный локальный фиброз и др.) имели место у 60,1% обследованных.В работе проведен анализ проблем визуализации рака при маммографии, обусловленные наличием в молочных железах проявлений фиброзно-кистозной мастопатии (склерозирующего аденоза, фиброзных тяжей по ходу протоков и т.д.). Представлены данные по разработке диагностического алгоритма, включающего современные методики сонографии и интервенционной радиологии, позволяющие выявлять РМЖ на ранних стадия

Permanence of the information given during oncogenetic counseling to persons at familial risk of breast/ovarian and/or colon cancer

How long counselees retain the information given during their genetic consultation is of major importance. To address this issue, we conducted a survey among the 3500 families that have been offered genetic counseling at our Center since 1988. In August 2007, we mailed a questionnaire to a representative subset of 579 persons belonging to breast/ovarian or colon cancer families seen in the last 10 years, either carrying an identified mutation or not. Targeted topics included the meaning of hereditary predisposition, the medical prevention related to the familial risk, the steps to undertake for a new family member to enter the genetic testing program and general knowledge of hereditary predisposition to cancer. A total of 91 randomized non-respondents were sent a second, more inciting letter, in order to assess any non-response bias. Overall, 337 questionnaires were collected: response rate was 58%. Standardized average knowledge was 7.28±1.52 of 10. Scores were lowest concerning medical prevention. The level of knowledge decreased with age (P<10−6), but increased with educational level (P<10−5) and mutation status (P=0.01). Surprisingly, no erosion of patients' knowledge over the time was observed (P=0.41). Among persons at hereditary risk of colon cancer, the level of knowledge tended to improve with time, in contrast to the breast/ovarian group (P=0.017). Among persons with a familial risk of breast/ovarian or colon cancer, a renewal of oncogenetic counseling does not seem necessary to maintain the level of specific knowledge. Measures to help patients follow their medical prevention, as organizing or checking their medical examinations, seem indicated

Composition of abyssal macrofauna along the Vema Fracture Zone and the hadal Puerto Rico Trench, northern tropical Atlantic

We analyzed composition and variations in benthic macrofaunal communities along a transect of the entire length of the Vema-Fracture Zone on board of RV Sonne (SO-237) between December 2014 and January 2015 in order to test whether the Mid-Atlantic Ridge serves as a barrier limiting benthic taxon distribution in the abyssal basins on both sides of the ridge or whether the fracture zone permits the migration of species between the western and eastern abyssal Atlantic basins. The Puerto Rico Trench, much deeper than the surrounding abyssal West Atlantic, was sampled to determine whether the biodiversity of its hadal macrofauna differs from that of the abyssal Atlantic. The composition of the macrofauna from the epibenthic sledge catches yielded a total of 21,332 invertebrates. Crustacea occurred most frequently (59%) with 12,538 individuals followed by Annelida (mostly Polychaeta) (26%) with 5,491 individuals, Mollusca (7%) with 1,458 individuals, Echinodermata (4%) with 778 individuals, Nematoda (2%) with 502 individuals and Chaetognatha (1%) with 152 and Porifera (1%) with 131 individuals. All other taxa occurred with overall less than ten individuals (Hemichordata, Phoronida, Priapulida, Brachiopoda, invertebrate Chordata, Echiurida, Foraminifera (here refereed to macrofaunal Komokiacea only), Chelicerata, Platyhelminthes). Within the Crustacea, Peracarida (62.6%) with 7,848 individuals and Copepoda (36.1%) with 44,526 individuals were the most abundant taxa. Along the abyssal Vema-Fracture Zone macrofaunal abundances (ind./1,000 m2) were generally higher on the eastern side, while the highest normalized abundance value was reported in the Puerto Rico Trench at abyssal station 14-1 2,313 individuals/1,000 m2. The lowest abundance was reported at station 11-4 with 120 ind./1,000 m2 located at the western side of the Vema-Fracture Zone. The number of major macrofaunal taxa (phylum, class) ranged between five (stations 12-5, 13-4 and 13-5 at hadal depths in the Puerto Rico Trench) and 14 (station 9-8) in the western abyssal basin of the Vema-Fracture Zone. Differences are seen in the distribution of Porifera at macrofaunal level between eastern and western sides of the Vema-Fracture Zone. Macrofaunal composition of the study area is compared with data from other expeditions in the Atlantic and the northwest Pacific Ocean

МРТ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ И ОЦЕНКЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ САРКОМ МЯГКИХ ТКАНЕЙ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

The review presents the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma in the pre-hospital period and during combined modality treatment was studied. Findings of using MRI in the assessment of local tumor extent and diffusion-weighted MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the estimation of the effectiveness of preoperative treatment were presented.В обзоре литературы представлены данные о современных возможностях магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) в комплексной диагностике сарком мягких тканей на догоспитальном этапе и на этапах комбинированного лечения. Представлены результаты использования МРТ в оценке местного распространения опухоли, а также диагностических возможностях диффузионно-взвешенной МРТ и МРТ с динамическим контрастированием в оценке эффективности предоперационного лечения

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОГО МЕТОДА В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ САРКОМ МЯГКИХ ТКАНЕЙ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

Literature data on the potential value of ultrasound imaging in diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma were analyzed. Ultrasound in B-regime was used to assess the extent of soft tissue sarcoma, Doppler ultrasonography was used to study tumor vascularization and sonoelastography was useful to differentiate benign from malignant tumors of soft tissues. The analysis of diagnostic value of ultrasound in detection of soft tissue lesions was carried out.  Criteria characterizing various histological types of tumors were identified.Проанализированы литературные данные о возможностях использования ультразвукового метода исследования (УЗИ) в диагностике мягкотканных сарком. Представлены данные по использованию В-режима в оценке степени распространенности, допплерографии для изучения васкуляризации опухоли, новой методики – соноэластографии – для дифференциальной диагностики доброкачественных и злокачественных опухолей мягких тканей. Проведен анализ диагностической ценности УЗИ для выявления мягкотканных образований, выявлены критерии, характеризующие различные гистотипы опухолей