ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science EFFECT OF 2% FENUGREEK (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE AND THE LACTATION CURVE OF RABBIT DOES

ABSTRACT The influence of adding the fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) on the lactation curve was studied in the rabbits does (New-Zealand X Californian X local). Thirty does were randomly divided into three groups (n=10) considering live weight, parity. Two types of diets were used: A control group was fed a normal diet (C), while the treated groups (E 1 and E 2 ) received the diet (C) supplemented with 2% of fenugreek (E). The does of group E 1 consume the E diet and those of E 2 consume the diet E only during two weeks before weaning otherwise does eat diet (C). The groups were nursed until weaning at 35 days of age. Milk yield was measured daily until day 35 with separation of kits and weighing immediately before and after controlled sucking. Findings of induction of 2% fenugreek in diet establish that the mortality at the birth is lower than the control groups. It is observed especially in group E 1 that the weight of the rabbits before weaning is 58, 14g±9, 86; and the quantity of milk produced is significantly important (p<0.05) than the other groups with a peak of 237, 17g for the group E 1 and 163, 95g for the control group

GC, GC–MS, and NMR spectroscopy integrated analyses and in vitro antibacterial, anticholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-5-lipoxygenase potential of Inula viscosa root fractionated essential oil

The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the roots essential oil from Inula viscosa (L.) through its fractionation during extraction, and to evaluate the antibacterial, anticholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase and anti-5-lipoxygenase activities of the isolated oil (REO) and its fractions (R1–R10). The REO and its fractions (R1–R10) were isolated by hydrodistillation of the fresh roots in a Clevenger type apparatus. Fifty-three constitu- ents were identified by GC-FID and GC–MS analyses. The REO was characterized by a high proportion of oxygen- ated monoterpenes (50.5%), followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (37.5%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (7.6%). The major constituents of the REO and all the fractions were (Z)-neryl isovalerate (17.5–29.8%), 1,10- di-epi-cubenol (19.1–27.2%) and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (5.9–17.7%). The antibacterial activity of REO and its fractions (R1–R10) was tested by using the micro dilution methods against two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria. The REO and its fractions (R1–R10) showed a strong inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 20.0 μg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 20.0 μg/mL). Results showed that the fraction R8 exerted the highest anti-tyrosinase activity, with 88.4% of inhibition at 50 μg/mL, and R1 exhibited a significant 5- lipoxygenase inhibitory effect (IC50 = 21.15 ± 0.12 μg/mL)

Composition and insecticide potential against Tribolium castaneum of the fractionated essential oil from the flowers of the Tunisian endemic plant Ferula tunetana Pomel ex Batt

For several years, plant derived substances, in particular essential oils, have been the subject of increasing attention in their safe and ecofriendly application to crops, as a powerful alternative to chemical insecticides. For this reason, the essential oil isolated from flowers of Ferula tunetana, a Tunisian endemic plant, was investigated for the first time for its chemical profile, and its toxicity and repellency effects against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults. The analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) led to determine 92.8–99.1% of the total oil (FEO) and its fractions (F1-F12) obtained every 15 min during the hydrodistillation process. The chemical analysis allowedto identify 77 compounds. α-Pinene (14.3%), a monoterpene hydrocarbon, was the major compound of the raw essential oil. Relatively high amounts of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (44.9–76.8%) were detected, consisting mainly of epi-α-muurolol (3.6–9.5%), himachalol (6.8%) and β-chenopodiol (5.1–7.1%). Regarding the repellency assay, results demonstrated that flowers essential oil of F. tunetana and its fractions displayed interesting repellent property (93%). The median lethal dose (LD50) of the topical application of the oil was 10.44%. Fumigation with the raw essential oil gave a LD50 of 161.89 μL/L air. The overall data suggest that the F. tunetana essential oil might be used to protect stored products from pest attacks, but further studies are needed in order to better understand the synergistic relationship between the phytochemicals contained in the essential oil

Isocostic Acid, a Promising Bioactive Agent from the Essential Oil of Inula viscosa (L.): Insights from Drug Likeness Properties, Molecular Docking and SAR Analysis

The chemical composition of the essential oil (LEO) and its volatile fractions (V 1 –V 10 ) collected during the hydrodistillation process every 15 min from the fresh leaves of I. viscosa (L.), growing in Tunisia, were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Eighty-two compounds, representing 90.9–99.4 % of the total samples, were identified. The crude essential oil (LEO) and its fractions (V 1 –V 10 ) were characterized by the presence of a high amount of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (82.7–95.8 %). Isocostic acid (1) was found to be the most abundant component (37.4–83.9 %) and was isolated from the same essential oil over silica gel column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic methods ( 1 H, 13 C, DEPT 135 NMR and EI-MS) and by comparison with literature data. Furthermore, the fresh leaves essential oil (LEO), its volatile fractions (V 1 –V 10 ) as well as compound 1 were screened for their antibacterial, antityrosinase, anticholinesterase and anti-5-lipoxygenase activities. It was found that the isolated compound 1 exhibited an interesting antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=32 μg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=32 μg/mL) and the highest antityrosinase activity (IC 50 =13.82±0.87 μg/mL). Compound 1 was also found to be able to strongly inhibit 5-lipoxygenase with an IC 50 value of 59.21±0.85 μg/mL. The bioactivity and drug likeness scores of compound 1 were calculated using Molinspiration software and interpreted, and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) was discussed with the help of molecular docking analysis

Lupus érythémateux systémique induit par l’isoniazide: une complication rare à craindre

Le lupus induit est défini comme un syndrome lupique généralement cutanéo-articulaire secondaire à une exposition continue à un traitement et qui disparaît après arrêt de celle-ci. Nous rapportons deux cas de lupus induit par l'Isoniazide. Il s'agissait de deux femmes âgées respectivement de 30 et 35 ans. Elles présentaient un lupus induit par l'isoniazide après un et deux mois de traitement d'une tuberculose ganglionnaire. La maladie s'est manifestée par des signes articulaires, une éruption cutanée, une leucopénie et une anémie. Les anticorps antinucléaires et les anticorps antihistone étaient présents dans le sérum des deux malades. L'évolution était favorable après arrêt de l'isoniazide et une corticothérapie per os. Les médicaments antituberculeux notamment l'isoniazide sont responsables d'effets indésirables fréquents. Le lupus induit doit être évoqué lorsqu'un patient présente un tableau clinico-biologique évocateur