Limbah Kulit Pisang sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Pewarna Sintetis pada Bedak Tabur

This research aims at finding out (1) the process of making banana peel powder that can be used as an alternative for synthetic dyes, (2) the characteristics of banana peel powder product, (3) the result of banana peel coloring powder compared to synthetic coloring, yellow metanil. This study can be categorized as experimental study using two groups of subjects; one group was given a specific treatment while another was used as the control group. The data of the study were collected using labsheets, questionnaires and laboratory testing. Data analysis technique used descriptive statistics, T-Test, and Anova Test. The findings showed that control dye had a bright yellow color while the samples treated with A2 had a dark yellow. Tukey test of A2 treatment showed the score of Tukeytable 3,25< 3,80. It means color intensity from A2 treatment was similar to the control group. The result of laboratory testing showed that the sample of banana peel powder with A2 treatment had the water content of 3,72% in the first test and 3,87 in the second test. Meanwhile, pH value was 6,7 in the first test and 6,6 in the second test

Profil Penguasaan Konsep Sistem Periodik Unsur pada Siswa Kelas X MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Palangka Raya Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019

Kimia memiliki beberapa jenis konsep dari segi dimensinya, salah satunya adalah keabstrakan. Sistem periodik unsur merupakan salah satu materi dalam kimia yang bersifat abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penguasaan konsep siswa kelas X MIPA 7 SMA Negeri 1 Palangka Raya. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Subjek penelitian ini adalah 28 siswa kelas X MIPA 7 SMA Negeri 1 Palangka Raya tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang sudah menerima pembelajaran sistem periodik unsur. Data penelitian ini berupa dokumen RPP yang didapat dari guru yang bersangkutan, data penguasaan konsep yang didapat melalui tes uraian sistem periodik unsur berjumlah 11 butir soal dari 3 indikator dan data hasil wawancara siswa. Data-data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profil penguasaan konsep siswa pada topik sistem periodik unsur yaitu sebesar 61,7% dan berada pada kategori sedang. Penguasaan konsep siswa terbagi kedalam 2 kategori yaitu tinggi dan sedang. Sebanyak 5 siswa berada pada kategori tinggi, dan sebanyak 23 siswa berada pada kategori sedang. Siswa mampu menjelaskan perkembangan sistem periodik unsur menurut Triade Dӧbereiner, Oktaf&nbsp; Newlands, Mendeleev, dan Moseley dengan penguasaan konsep sebesar 37,5% dan berada pada kategori rendah. Siswa mampu menentukan letak suatu unsur di dalam tabel periodik berdasarkan konfigurasi elektron dengan penguasaan konsep sebesar 100% dan berada pada kategori tinggi. Siswa mampu menentukan sifat periodik suatu unsur berdasarkan sifat keperiodikan unsur seperiode dengan penguasaan konsep sebesar 56,8%&nbsp; dan berada pada kategori sedang

Pengaruh Pemberian Latihan Soal Terstruktur Setelah Pembelajaran Langsung terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Bilangan Kuantum pada Siswa Kelas X MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Palangka Raya Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan Pengaruh Pemberian Latihan Soal Terstruktur Setelah Pembelajaran Langsung Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Bilangan Kuantum Pada Siswa Kelas X MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Palangka Raya Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian non ekuivalen, pretest-posttest control group design dan melibatkan 53 siswa dari dua kelas X MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Palangka Raya sebagai sampel yang ditentukan dengan teknik cluster random sampling, yaitu kelas X MIPA-7 (kelas eksperimen) sebanyak 28 orang siswa dan siswa kelas X MIPA-6 (kelas kontrol) sebanyak 25 orang siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa soal tes pemahaman tes I dan tes II, latihan soal terstruktur, dan latihan soal. Data tes I diperoleh setelah pembelajaran langsung dan data tes II diperoleh setelah pembelajaran menggunakan latihan soal terstruktur dan latihan soal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa thitung &gt; ttabel (3,06 &gt; 1,675) pada taraf signifikasi (α) 5%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian latihan soal terstruktur setelah pembelajaran langsung berpengaruh terhadap pemahaman konsep bilangan kuantum pada siswa kelas X MIPA SMAN 1 Palangka Raya tahun ajaran 2018/2019

Kajian Tracer Study LulusanJurusan PTBB FT UNY Tahun 2012

The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe the graduates' profile of the Department of Fashion Design and Hospitality Education of 2010-2012 that is required by the National Accreditation Commision for Higher Education, (2) to examine the gap between the graduates' competencies with the market needs. This tracer study is a descriptive survey study conducted from June to November 2012. The population were 241 graduates of the academic year of 2012. 87 samples were succesfully interviewed through telephone interviews. The instruments of this study was a questionnaire. Quantitative data was analysed using crosstab and percentages. While the qualitative data was analysed by categories. The results showed: (1) the graduates of the Fashion Design, the Hospitality, and the Make-up and Beauty Therapy Programmes who understand the job application process were 85%, 78%, and 86% respectively (b) the graduates of Fashion Design, Hospitality, and Make-up and Beauty Therapy Programmes with the less than 6 months waiting period before the first employement were 85%, 100%, 80% respectively (c) The graduates of Fashion Design, Hospitality, and Make-up and Beauty Therapy Programmes who get job vacancies from advertisements and direct application to the company were 15% and 85%, 43% and 57%, 80% and 20% respectively. d. the graduates of Fashion Design, Hospitality, and Make-up and Beauty Therapy Programmes who are employed in the fields related to their study were 61.5% 71%, 60% respectively (2) The graduates' competencies compared to the market needs were as follows: (a) Competencies required were integrity, mastery of science, English, information technology, communication, teamwork, self-development, mastery of skills, special expertise, leadership, and organizational management. (b) 98% of the graduates have excellent performance in terms of integrity, expertise, science, English, information technology, communication, teamwork, and self-development

Profil Penguasaan Konsep Tatanama Senyawa dan Persamaan Reaksi Pada Siswa Kelas XI IPA-4 SMA Negeri 2 Sampit Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019

The concept of compound nomenclature and reaction equation is one of the chemical concepts taught in high school class X. This study aims to describe the mastery of the concept of compound nomenclature and reaction equations in class XI students. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study were 30 students of class XI IPA-4 of SMA Negeri 2 Sampit in the 2018/2019 school year who had received compound nomenclature learning and reaction equations. Data collected in the form of RPP documents obtained from chemistry teachers, students' concept mastery data obtained through the description test with a total of 14 items from 4 indicators and data from student interviews. The results showed that students' mastery of concepts on the topic of compound nomenclature and student reaction equations that amounted to 74.18% were in the high category. Mastery of student concepts is divided into 3 (three) categories, namely very high, high, and moderate. Students in the very high category numbered 9 students, students in the high category numbered 12 students. Students in the medium category numbered 9 students. Students are able to write molecular formulas and empirical formulas of compounds of 81.66% with a high category, students are able to write the names of inorganic compounds and organic compounds by 75.18% with high categories, students are able to write chemical formulas of simple inorganic compounds and simple organic compounds of 84.58% with a high category and students are able to explain portions of a reaction equation of 47.92% with a low category.Konsep tatanama senyawa dan persamaan reaksi merupakan salah satu konsep kimia yang di ajarkan di SMA kelas X. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penguasaan konsep tatanama senyawa dan persamaan reaksi pada siswa kelas XI. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. subjek penelitian ini adalah 30 siswa kelas XI IPA-4 SMA Negeri 2 Sampit tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang sudah menerima pembelajaran tatanama senyawa dan persamaan reaksi. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa dokumen RPP yang didapat dari guru kimia, data penguasaan konsep siswa yang didapat melalui tes uraian dengan jumlah soal sebanyak 14 butir dari 4 indikator dan data hasil wawancara siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan konsep siswa pada topik tatanama senyawa dan persamaan reaksi siswa yaitu sebesar 74.18% berada pada kategori tinggi. Penguasaan konsep siswa terbagi kedalam 3 (tiga) kategori yaitu sangat tinggi, tinggi, dan sedang. Siswa pada kategori sangat tinggi berjumlah 9 siswa, siswa pada kategori tinggi berjumlah 12 siswa. Siswa pada kategori sedang berjumlah 9 siswa. Siswa mampu menuliskan rumus molekul dan rumus empiris suatu senyawa sebesar 81,66% dengan kategori tinggi, siswa mampu menuliskan nama senyawa anorganik dan senyawa organik sebesar 75,18%&nbsp; dengan kategori tinggi, siswa mampu menuliskan rumus kimia senyawa anorganik sederhana dan senyawa organik sederhana sebesar 84,58% dengan kategori tinggi dan siswa mampu menjelaskan bagian-bagian dari suatu persamaan reaksi sebesar 47,92% dengan kategori rendah

Profil Penguasaan Konsep Struktur Atom pada Siswa Kelas X MIPA SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019

Atomic structure is one of the chemistry subject matter taught in high school / MA. This material was studied in class X SMA about the development of atomic theory, the basic particles making up atoms, electron configurations, and quantum numbers. This concept is the basic concept of chemistry to understand chemical bonds. This study aims to describe the profile of the mastery of the concept of Atomic Structure in class X high school students. This research is a type of descriptive study carried out in SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya with 30 research subjects as Grade X MIPA-1 students. The data used in this study were in the form of the chemistry teacher's lesson plan, the student's concept mastery data obtained through the description test, and student interview data. The results showed 1) an average of 62.16% were in the medium category. 2) Students can explain the development of atomic theory to show the advantages and disadvantages of each atomic theory with an average mastery of the concept of 68.75% with the medium category. 3) Students can determine the elementary particles (protons, electrons, and neutrons) of an atom based on atomic number and mass number with an average mastery of concepts of 61.47% in the medium category. 4) Students can classify elements into isotopes, isobars, and isotope with an average mastery of concepts of 88.88% with a high category. 5) Students can determine quantum numbers in the outermost electrons of an element or ion with an average mastery of concepts of 21.04% in the low category.Struktur atom merupakan salah satu materi pelajaran kimia yang diajarkan di SMA/MA. Materi ini dipelajari dikelas X SMA tentang perkembangan teori atom, partikel dasar penyusun atom, konfigurasi elektron, serta bilangan kuantum. Konsep ini merupakan&nbsp; konsep dasar ilmu kimia untuk memahami ikatan kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil penguasaan konsep Struktur Atom pada siswa kelas X SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif yang dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya dengan subjek penelitian adalah 30 siswa kelas X MIPA-1. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa dokumen RPP guru kimia yang bersangkutan, data penguasaan konsep siswa yang didapat melalui tes uraian, dan data hasil wawancara siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) rata-rata sebesar 62,16% berada pada kategori sedang. 2) Siswa dapat menjelaskan perkembangan teori atom untuk menunjukkan kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing teori atom dengan rata-rata penguasaan konsep sebesar 68,75% dengan kategori sedang. 3) Siswa dapat menentukan partikel dasar (proton, elektron, dan neutron) suatu atom berdasarkan nomor atom dan nomor massa dengan rata-rata penguasaan konsep sebesar 61,47% dengan kategori sedang. 4) Siswa dapat mengklasifikasi unsur ke dalam isotop, isobar, dan isoton dengan rata-rata penguasaan konsep sebesar 88,88% dengan kategori tinggi. 5) Siswa dapat menentukan bilangan kuantum pada elektron terluar dari suatu unsur atau ion dengan rata-rata penguasaan konsep sebesar 21,04% dengan kategori rendah

Meta-Analisis Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Kimia SMA Berbasis Android

This study aims to describe the suitability of learning objectives for the pretest and posttest questions, the syntax of the media development model, and chemistry learning materials for the learning syllabus. This study used qualitative meta-analysis research. The object of this research was taken from one thesis of the UNY chemistry education study program and two UPR thesis with the theme Development of android-based chemistry learning media. Data collection techniques in study used documentation techniques from learning objective documents, media development model syntax, learning materials, media expert and material expert assessment results sheets, pretest-posttest and learning outcomes. The results of the research show that media development model used by each thesis still has discrepancy with the theoretical syntax of the media development model. The purpose of learning with the application of the Bohr and Gall development model is discrepancy with the pretest-posttest. The learning objective of the thesis is to apply the DDD-E development model, a discrepancy in pretest-posttest with a N-gain of 0.43 (Medium). The learning objectives in application of the DDD-E development model were categorized according to the pretest-posttest questions with a N-gain of 0.71 (High), with the application of the media development model being categorized as appropriate.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesesuaian tujuan pembelajaran terhadap soal pretest dan posttest, kesesuaian sintaks model pengembangan media, dan kesesuaian materi pembelajaran kimia terhadap silabus pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian meta-analisis kualitiatif. Objek penelitian ini diambil dari satu skripsi program studi pendidikan kimia UNY dan dua skripsi UPR dengan tema Pengembangan media pembelajaran kimia berbasis android. Teknik pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dari dokumen tujuan pembelajaran, sintaks model pengembangan media, materi pembelajaran, lembar hasil penilaian ahli media dan ahli materi, soal pretest-posttest serta hasil pembelajaran yang kemudian diidentifikasi dan dianalisis menggunakan tabel identifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model pengembangan media yang digunakan masing-masing skripsi masih terdapat ketidaksesuaian dengan sintaks model pengembangan media secara teoritis. Tujuan pembelajaran dengan penerapan model pengembangan Bohr and Gall pada materi Hidrokarbon dan Minyak Bumi terdapat ketidaksesuaian dengan soal pretest-posttest. Tujuan pembelajaran pada skripsi menerapkan model pengembangan media DDD-E dengan materi Minyak Bumi terdapat ketidaksesuaian soal pretest-posttest dengan N-gain sebesar 0,30 (Sedang). Tujuan pembelajaran pada penerapan model pengembangan media DDD-E pada materi Perkembangan Model Atom dikategorikan telah sesuai soal pretest-posttest dengan N-gain sebesar 0,71 (Tinggi), dengan penerapan model pengembanagn media dikategorikan sudah sesuai

Meta-Analisis Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran Lectora Inspire Berbasis Multipel Representasi Pada Pembelajaran Kimia

Media development is an effort to overcome students' difficulties in the learning process. The development of lectora inspire learning media tends to present macroscopic and symbolic aspects. Modification of the syntax of the development model found a lack of suitability of learning objectives for narrative representations in learning materials, and learning content for chemical representations which made media difficult to use. The purpose of this study is to analyze suitability; the syntax of the learning media development model on the theoretical development model syntax, learning objectives on teaching materials, and learning content on chemical representation criteria. This study applies a meta-analysis method with a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that the stage of defining the analysis of student characteristics has not been linked to the stage of constructing a criterion-referenced test (setting test standards). One learning objective was found in thesis A, and 3 learning objectives in thesis C which were categorized as partially appropriate, while the learning objectives in thesis B were all categorized as appropriate to the teaching material. Lectora inspire learning content still has a discrepancy with the chemical representation criteria. Lectora insipre learning media tend to contain the R1 (multiple), R2 (explicit), R3 (fully related and connected), R4 (narration according to representation) and R5 (quite connected ).Pengembangan media merupakan usaha&nbsp; untuk&nbsp; mengatasi kesulitan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Pengembangan media pembelajaran lectora inspire cenderung menyajikan aspek makroskopik dan simbolik. Modifikasi sintaks model pengembangan ditemukan kurangnya kesesuaian tujuan pembelajaran terhadap representasi narasi pada materi pembelajaran, dan konten pembelajaran terhadap representasi kimia yang memungkinkan media sulit digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kesesuaian; sintaks model pengembangan media terhadap sintaks model pengembangan secara teoritis, tujuan pembelajaran terhadap materi ajar, dan konten pembelajaran terhadap kriteria representasi kimia. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode meta-analisis dengan pendekatan kualitiatif. Data berupa dokumen sintaks model pengembangan, tujuan pembelajaran, dan konten pembelajaran diidentifikasi dan dianalisis dalam tabulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sintaks model pengembangan media masih ditemukan ketidaksesuaian dengan sintaks model pengembangan media secara teoritis.&nbsp; Tahap pendefinisian analisa karakteristik peserta didik belum dihubungkan dengan tahap constructing criterion-referenced test (penyusunan standar tes). Ditinjau dari representasi teks masih terdapat kurangnya keterhubungan, keajegan, dan kecukupan (adequacy) tujuan pembelajaran terhadap materi ajar. Ditemukan 1 tujuan pembelajaran pada skripsi A, dan 3 tujuan pembelajaran pada skripsi C yang dikategorikan sesuai sebagian, sedangkan tujuan pembelajaran pada skripsi B seluruhnya dikategorikan sudah sesuai terhadap materi ajar. Konten pembelajaran lectora inspire masih terdapat ketidaksesuaian terhadap kriteria representasi kimia. Media pembelajaran lectora insipre cenderung memuat jenis representasi R1 (multipel), fitur interpretasi&nbsp; R2 (eksplisit),&nbsp; keterkaitan dengan teks R3 (sepenuhnya terkait dan terhubung), keberadaan keterangan gambar R4 (narasi sesuai dengan representasi) dan tingkat keterhubungan antar representasi R5 (cukup terhubung)

A Niche-Based Framework to Assess Current Monitoring of European Forest Birds and Guide Indicator Species' Selection

Concern that European forest biodiversity is depleted and declining has provoked widespread efforts to improve management practices. To gauge the success of these actions, appropriate monitoring of forest ecosystems is paramount. Multi-species indicators are frequently used to assess the state of biodiversity and its response to implemented management, but generally applicable and objective methodologies for species' selection are lacking. Here we use a niche-based approach, underpinned by coarse quantification of species' resource use, to objectively select species for inclusion in a pan-European forest bird indicator. We identify both the minimum number of species required to deliver full resource coverage and the most sensitive species' combination, and explore the trade-off between two key characteristics, sensitivity and redundancy, associated with indicators comprising different numbers of species. We compare our indicator to an existing forest bird indicator selected on the basis of expert opinion and show it is more representative of the wider community. We also present alternative indicators for regional and forest type specific monitoring and show that species' choice can have a significant impact on the indicator and consequent projections about the state of the biodiversity it represents. Furthermore, by comparing indicator sets drawn from currently monitored species and the full forest bird community, we identify gaps in the coverage of the current monitoring scheme. We believe that adopting this niche-based framework for species' selection supports the objective development of multi-species indicators and that it has good potential to be extended to a range of habitats and taxa

The evolutionary ecology of complex lifecycle parasites: linking phenomena with mechanisms

Many parasitic infections, including those of humans, are caused by complex lifecycle parasites (CLPs): parasites that sequentially infect different hosts over the course of their lifecycle. CLPs come from a wide range of taxonomic groups-from single-celled bacteria to multicellular flatworms-yet share many common features in their life histories. Theory tells us when CLPs should be favoured by selection, but more empirical studies are required in order to quantify the costs and benefits of having a complex lifecycle, especially in parasites that facultatively vary their lifecycle complexity. In this article, we identify ecological conditions that favour CLPs over their simple lifecycle counterparts and highlight how a complex lifecycle can alter transmission rate and trade-offs between growth and reproduction. We show that CLPs participate in dynamic host-parasite coevolution, as more mobile hosts can fuel CLP adaptation to less mobile hosts. Then, we argue that a more general understanding of the evolutionary ecology of CLPs is essential for the development of effective frameworks to manage the many diseases they cause. More research is needed identifying the genetics of infection mechanisms used by CLPs, particularly into the role of gene duplication and neofunctionalisation in lifecycle evolution. We propose that testing for signatures of selection in infection genes will reveal much about how and when complex lifecycles evolved, and will help quantify complex patterns of coevolution between CLPs and their various hosts. Finally, we emphasise four key areas where new research approaches will provide fertile opportunities to advance this field