Phytoplankton distribution, diversity and nutrients at the North-eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey (Karataş-Adana) [Kuzeydogu Akdeniz (Karataş-Adana) Kiyisal Sularinda Fitoplankton Dagilimi, Çeşitliligi ve Besleyici Elementler]

Seasonal changes in phytoplankton composition and phytoplankton abundance and physico-chemical factors affecting these parameters were investigated in this study. Quantitative and qualitative phytoplankton and nutrient analysis were carried out between 1998 and 1999 at 12 sampling stations located from inshore to offshore of Karataş, situated in the north-eastern Mediterranean. A total of 135 taxa were determined, belonging to four algae classes: Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae and Dictyochophyceae. Bacillariophyceae appeared to be the dominant group in terms of total species number and cell numbers during the research period. The number of phytoplankton species was high in winter and quite low in summer. The highest phytoplankton abundance determined in summer was due to the increase in the numerical abundance of Hemiaulus membranaceus Cleve from the diatoms. Phytoplankton diversity declined to the lowest level in the summer. Nutrient concentrations were high in winter but low in summer. The lowest and highest concentrations of NO3+NO2-N, PO4-P and silicate were 0.20 and 8.09 µg-at l-1. 0.04 and 0.57 µg-at 1-1 and 0.33 and 8.20 µg-at 1-1 respectively

The effects of the addition of baker's yeast on the functional properties and quality of tarhana, a traditional fermented food

As a fermented product, tarhana is the dry form of yogurt-cereal mixture and represents an important part of the diets of many people in different countries including Turkey. In the present study, the effects of the addition of baker's yeast on the quality and functional properties of tarhana were investigated. Tarhana was produced under laboratory conditions (uncontrolled and controlled conditions) using two formulas. Some physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties of the samples were analysed. An increase was found in the acidity value of all samples during the fermentation period. The addition of baker's yeast affected the functional properties (water absorption capacity, foaming capacity, foaming stability, emulsifying activity) of the samples (P < 0.05). The tarhana samples produced by the addition of yeast and under controlled conditions had shorter fermentation times and better sensory properties. This research suggests that the addition of baker's yeast and the employment of controlled conditions can be recommended in the production of the commercial type of tarhana

Identification of Harmonic Current Contributions of Iron and Steel Plants Based on Time-Synchronized Field Measurements - Part I: at PCC

This is the first of a two-paper series, in which a field-data-based analytical method is proposed to determine the harmonic current contributions of each Iron and Steel (I&S) Plant supplied from the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) and the upstream loads at the utility side. The non-linear characteristics of the plants and the utility are modeled as harmonic current sources, whereas the linear parts of the proposed model consist of passive circuit elements. In the proposed method, the harmonic current contributions of loads are decoupled from the upstream effects and they are determined through the harmonic Norton's equivalent circuit model of the system constructed on the basis of the sample by sample, time-synchronized field measurements of load current and PCC voltage signals. This method can be applied to circuit schemes with any number of plants supplied from a given PCC. The results have shown that the proposed method can be used as a successful estimation tool to determine the harmonic current contributions of all I&S Plants connected to the PCC

Comparison of the fatty acid composition of the freshwater fish larvae Tilapia zillii, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, and the microalgae Scenedesmus abundans, Monoraphidium minitum and Chlorella vulgaris in the algae-rotifer-fish larvae food chains

The proximate and the fatty acid analysis of the warm freshwater fish, Tilapia zillii larvae, the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and the microalgae Scenedesmus abundans, Monoraphidium minitum and Chlorella vulgaris each constituting a different food chain with B. calyciflorus and T. zillii larvae have been carried out. C. vulgaris had significantly higher lipid content than the other two microalgae and this was also reflected in the lipid content of B. calyciflorus fed each of the microalgae separately. Five fatty acids dominated in all the microalgae, namely 18:3n - 3, 18:2n - 6, 18:0, 18:1 and 16:0 though there were significant differences both in quantitative distribution of these acids and the total fatty acid content. The content of 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6 and 16:0 and the total fatty acid content of C. vulgaris were considerably higher than the corresponding values in the other two microalgae. But interestingly, these strong differences were not reflected in B. calyciflorus samples fed these microalgae separately though the one fed C. vulgaris had slightly higher total fatty acid content than the other two rotifer samples. One can consider that the freshwater rotifer B. calyciflorus is capable of creating its own characteristic fatty acid content up to a sufficient level even when cultured with a fatty acid deficient algae probably by consuming excessive amounts of this algae compared to other algae of relatively high fatty acid content. The proximate and fatty acid analysis results of the three T. zillii larvae fed the three B. calyciflorus samples obtained by culturing with three different microalgae were very similar. This was an expected result because the three B. calyciflorus samples did not differ much from each other. The low 18:2n - 6 (1.66-3.53 mg g-1 DM) and 18:3n - 3 (1.14-1.22 mg g-1 DM) content and the relatively high 22:6n - 3 (10.7214.38 mg g-1 DM) content of the T. zillii larvae samples indicated that they were capable of elongating and desaturating both linoleic and linolenic acids of the B. calyciflorus samples

High school students' career decision-making pattern across parenting styles and parental attachment levels [Patrones de elección de carrera profesional entre estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria, según los estilos de crianza parental y el nivel de apego con los padres]

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to investigate career decision among high school students regarding to their parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful) and parental attachment levels. Method: With this purpose, 382 (200 females; 182 males) Turkish high school students aged 14-18 completed Career Decision Inventory, The Parenting Style Inventory and The Inventory of Parent Attachment, as measures of career decision, parenting syle and parental attachment levels, respectively. For analyzing the data one way ANOVA was performed. Results: Results of the study demonstrated that children of more authoritative and authoritarian parents were found more decisive than the children of neglectful and indulgent parents. In terms of attachment levels, significant differences were found among all sub-scales of CDI. Furthermore, students who experienced a medium degree of attachment to their parents were found more decisive than the ones experiencing low or high degree of attachment. Discussion: Therfore, the effects of parenting styles and parent attechment levels on career decision-making pattern have to be taken into consideration regarding to career development and career choice of adolescents. Further research should explore the explanation of career decision in terms of parenting styles and attachment levels for different gender and age groups in order to identify relevant determinants at each age level and for females and males separately. © Education & Psychology I+D+i and Editorial EOS (Spain)