A Phonetic Characterization of Release and Nonrelease: The Case of Korean and English

In this paper we propose that "release" and "nonrelease" are associated neither with oral release and oral closure of oral stops nor with the presence/absence of oral burst, as usually assumed in the literature. We claim that they are associated with the presence/absence of a pulmonic egressive airstream flowing through the oral tract after the removal of oral closure. Under this new definition of "release" and "nonrelease", we can correctly describe the acoustic implementations of coda consonants in Korean and English like the following: Korean coda consonants are always unreleased, whereas English coda consonants are either released or unreleased

Helping the teacher [translated into Korean]

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdissertations/2309/thumbnail.jp

Transgenic tomatoes expressing human beta-amyloid for use as a vaccine against Alzheimer’s disease

Human β-amyloid (Aβ) is believed to be one of the main components of Alzheimer’s disease, so reduction of Aβ is considered a key therapeutic target. Using Agrobacterium-mediated nuclear transformation, we generated transgenic tomatoes for Aβ with tandem repeats. Integration of the human Aβ gene into the tomato genome and its transcription were detected by PCR and Northern blot, respectively. Expression of the Aβ protein was confirmed by western blot and ELISA, and then the transgenic tomato line expressing the highest protein level was selected for vaccination. Mice immunized orally with total soluble extracts from the transgenic tomato plants elicited an immune response after receiving a booster. The results indicate that tomato plants may provide a useful system for the production of human Aβ antigen

The effects of L1 AP-initial boundary tones and laryngeal features in Korean adaptation of Japanese plosives followed by a H or L vowel

The present study explores the magnitude of tonal effects and segmental voicing contrast in Korean categorization of Japanese plosives followed by a H or L vowel by conducting a perception experiment in which one hundred sixty native speakers of Seoul and Kyungsang Korean – eighty in each group (40 male and 40 female) – participated. The results have shown that, no matter whether they command a pitch-accent Kyungsang Korean or Seoul Korean which has no lexical pitch-accent, our subjects mostly categorized word-initial Japanese voiceless plosives as aspirated with the significant effect of H and word-medial voiceless plosives as either aspirated or fortis with no H/L effect. Their categorization of word-medial Japanese voiced plosives as lenis is not significantly affected by the H and L tonal difference, either, regardless of dialect differences. In their categorization of word-initial Japanese voiced plosives as lenis, however, the Seoul subjects favored L, and the Kyungsang subjects H. From the results, we propose that the Korean prosodic unit of Accentual Phrase (AP) and laryngeal features interact in the Seoul subjects’ categorization of word-initial Japanese plosives, such that the H/L tonal distinction is made in AP-initial position as enhancement with VOT primarily parsed for cues to the feature [±spread glottis]. As for their categorization of word-medial Japanese plosives with no tonal effect, we propose that closure duration is parsed for cues to the other feature [±tense]. The same proposal is made for the Kyungsang subjects’ categorization except for the H effect in word-initial Japanese voiced plosives

Korean Umlaut Revisited

This paper examines what conditions Korean Umlaut. Since Umlaut involves the place assimilation of a back vowel to a following high front vocoid across a consonant or cluster. we might raise a question of whether the process is conditioned by the place of articulation of an intervening consonant or cluster. as usually assumed in the literature. Or we might ask ourselves whether there is something else other than phonological accounts for the occurrence of Korean Umlaut. In this paper. a survey of Korean Umlaut was made for the questions raised in the above. The results of the survey show that the place of articulation of an intervening consonant or cluster is not consistent with conditioning Umlaut. and that it is by non- phonological variables -- lexical. dialectal and individual differences -- that Korean Umlaut may or may not be triggered. Based on the results of the survey, it is proposed that Korean Umlaut is phonologically represented as the spread of the secondary vocalic feature [coronal] to a preceding vowel across an intervening consonant or cluster, regardless of its place of articulation. and that it is a sound change called lexical diffusion

Performance study of optimistic concurrency control schemes for distributed database systems

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references.In distributed database systems, a concurrency control mechanism is needed to coordinate accesses to the same data items by more than one transactions for data consistency. There are two basic approaches to the concurrency control problem: conservative and optimistic. In conservative concurrency control, transactions can not proceed unless there is guarantee for consistency. In optimistic concurrency control, inconsistency is temporarily allowed and is rectified when a transaction tries to commit. This thesis studies optimistic concurrency control algorithms, observes their performances and overheads under various environments through extensive simulation

Young vs. old Koreans’ vowel insertion after word-final English and French postvocalic plosives: A case of contact-induced borrowing change

This paper explores whether young vs. old Koreans’ vowel insertion after word-final English and French postvocalic plosives has changed or not. For this purpose, we conducted a perception experiment wherein 40 Koreans who were born before 1960 and another 40 Koreans who were born after 1989 were recruited with 20 male and 20 female subjects in each group. The results show that the release of plosives and the voicing of unreleased plosives are key variables for vowel insertion in both age groups. In addition, our young Koreans have no significant difference in vowel insertion after word-final English and French plosives, regardless of whether the plosives are released or unreleased, regardless of whether they are voiceless or voiced and regardless of whether they are preceded by the tense vowel [aI], as in English stimuli, or by the non-tense vowel [a], as in the French stimuli. On the other hand, our old Koreans have differences in vowel insertion after the non-native plosives in the examined contexts, depending on whether the plosives are English or French. Based on the results, we propose that vowel insertion in accordance with the plosive release and the voicing of unreleased plosives in the two groups is accounted for by Korean syllable structure with generational differences made by how two effects – the plosive voicing effect and the vowel-tenseness effect – are involved. We also propose that no significant difference in vowel insertion after word-final English and French plosives in the young group is a case of contact-induced borrowing change resulting from the English/French contact differences over time in Korean society

Distinct L2 Reading-Related Subgroups of Korean EFL First- year High School Learners: Latent Profile Analysis

This study identified the latent profiles of L2 reading skills that characterize EFL first-year high school learners in Korea to examine the nature of the L2 reading ability development in the Simple View of Reading (SVR) framework. Participants included 254 Korean-speaking high school students in mid- or low-income urban areas of Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Decoding, linguistic comprehension, and reading comprehension skills were assessed by six measures in total at the beginning of the school year. Latent profile analysis (LPA) on the six reading-related measures identified three L2 reading skill profiles deviating by almost one SD each on every measure. The three groups showed distinctively stratified L2 reading abilities with close associations among the variables, providing support for the SVR model in EFL populations. Decoding measured by orthographic processing was the least distinguishing skill to infer group membership. The heterogeneity found among the same graded EFL learners is discussed in line with the frustration prevalent among underachieving English learners in Korean schools. Implications for instructions and future research are suggested.N