Kinematics Characteristic of Lower Extremity during Simulated Skiing Exercise

We analyze the kinematic factors of sectional and total movements in healthy participants to providing group dependent information during simulated exercise. Participants in this study's experiment were 26 male adults, the elapsed times in each phase, the difference in the lower extremity angles, and muscle activity were computed through analysis of kinematic factors. We revealed that motions of the experts took shorter to perform than non-experts, and showed larger variation of lower limb joint angle in most events during simulated skiing. There were also significant group dependent differences in the peak and mean EMG values during simulated skiing. Referring to these results, such a non-expert's posture leads to enhance muscle activity to keep the lower body in balance. Non-experts should maintain appropriate ROM with lower-intensity exercise to improve muscle endurance initially, and it can be useful in providing preliminary data for future training and rehabilitation studies, as well as improvements in muscle strength

Metaplastic Carcinoma with Extensive Chondroid Differentiation in the Breast (Chondroid Carcinoma)

Metaplastic breast carcinoma is very rare, and metaplastic carcinoma with chondroid differentiation is even rarer. Here, we report a case of metaplastic carcinoma with extensive chondroid differentiation mimicking chondrosarcoma that was challenging to diagnose. The tumor was characterized by an abundant chondromyxoid matrix. The definitive area of classic invasive ductal carcinoma was minimal. The peripheral portion of the tumor showed increased cellularity with pleomorphism and definitive invasive growth. Tumor cells in the chondrosarcomatous areas were diffusely immunoreactive for S-100 protein, patchy positive for cytokeratin, but negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Tumor cells in carcinomatous areas were diffusely positive for cytokeratin, S-100 protein, and patchy positive for EMA. In both areas, tumor cells were negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and CD34, while oncoprotein p53 was overexpressed. When pathologists encounter breast tumors with chondroid differentiation, careful sampling and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin and SMA are most helpful to differentiate metaplastic carcinoma from malignant phyllodes tumor and malignant adenomyoepithelioma

Rubi Fructus ( Rubus coreanus

Rubi Fructus (RF) is known to exert several pharmacological effects including antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its antiobesity effect has not been reported yet. This study was focused on the antidifferentiation effect of RF extract on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. When 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiating into adipocytes, 10–100 μg/mL of RF was added. Next, the lipid contents were quantified by Oil Red O staining. RF significantly reduced lipid accumulation and downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT0-enhancer-binding proteins α (C/EBPα), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 2 (aP2), resistin, and adiponectin in ways that were concentration dependent. Moreover, RF markedly upregulated liver kinase B1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Interestingly, pretreatment with AMPKα siRNA and RF downregulated the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα protein as well as the adipocyte differentiation. Our study shows that RF is capable of inhibiting the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the modulation of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and AMPK, suggesting that it has a potential for therapeutic application in the treatment or prevention of obesity

Monitoring of specific methanogenic activity of granular sludge by confocal laser scanning microscopy during start-up of thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

Confocal, laser-scanning microscopy was applied to acquire coenzyme F-420-based autofluorescence images of middle sections of sludge granules during start-up of a thermophilic reactor that were seeded with mesophilically-grown microorganisms of granular sludge. Digital images were analyzed to calculate weighted averages of autofluorescence. The values were related (r(2)=0.97) to specific methanogenic activities of granular sludge as the granules developed to steady state

Operating Characteristic Analysis and Verification of Short-Stroke Linear Oscillating Actuators Considering Mechanical Load

Linear oscillating machines are electric devices that reciprocate at a specific frequency and at a specific stroke. Because of their linear motion, they are used in special applications, such as refrigerators for home appliances and medical devices. In this paper, the structure and electromagnetic characteristics of these linear oscillating machines are investigated, and the stroke is calculated according to voltage and motion equations. In addition, static and transient behavior analysis is performed, considering mechanical systems such as springs, damping systems, and mover mass. Furthermore, in this study, the magnetic force is analyzed, experiments are conducted according to the input power, and the current magnitude and stroke characteristics are analyzed according to the input frequency. Finally, the study confirmed that the most efficient operation is possible when the electrical resonance frequency matches the resonance frequency of the linear oscillating machines

Operating Characteristic Analysis and Verification of Short-Stroke Linear Oscillating Actuators Considering Mechanical Load

Linear oscillating machines are electric devices that reciprocate at a specific frequency and at a specific stroke. Because of their linear motion, they are used in special applications, such as refrigerators for home appliances and medical devices. In this paper, the structure and electromagnetic characteristics of these linear oscillating machines are investigated, and the stroke is calculated according to voltage and motion equations. In addition, static and transient behavior analysis is performed, considering mechanical systems such as springs, damping systems, and mover mass. Furthermore, in this study, the magnetic force is analyzed, experiments are conducted according to the input power, and the current magnitude and stroke characteristics are analyzed according to the input frequency. Finally, the study confirmed that the most efficient operation is possible when the electrical resonance frequency matches the resonance frequency of the linear oscillating machines

Enhanced Thermoelectric Cooling Properties Of Bi2Te3−XSeX Alloys Fabricated By Combining Casting, Milling And Spark Plasma Sintering

Bi2Te3−xSex alloys are extensively used for thermoelectric cooling around room temperature, but, previous studies have reported peak thermoelectric efficiency of the material at higher temperature around 450 K. This study presents the casting followed by high energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering as a thriving methodology to produce efficient and well-built Bi2Te3−xSex material for the thermoelectric cooling around room temperature. In addition, changes in electrical and thermal transport properties brought up by amount of Se in the Bi2Te3−xSex material for this methodology are measured and discussed. Although Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity showed irregular trend, power factor, thermal conductivity and figure of merit ZT gradually decreased with the increase in amount of Se. A maximum ZT value of 0.875 at 323 K was obtained for x = 0.15 sample owing to its higher power factor. This value is 17% and 38% greater than for x = 0.3 and x = 0.6 samples respectively. At 323 K, herein reported ZT value of 0.875 is higher than the state of art n-type Bi2Te3 based thermoelectric materials produced by the time consuming and expensive methodologies

C. I. Reactive Blue 114??? ????????? ????????? ????????? UASB ????????? ??????????????? ??????

Biodegradation of the C. I. Reactive Blue 114 was investigated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Important parameters studied include dye concentration, the kind and concentration of carbon source, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and influent pH. Glucose was found to be a better co-substrate than the mixture of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), although its concentration did not affect dye removal efficiency in the range of $1000{\sim}3000mg/{\ell}$. When HRT increased from 6 hr to 24 hr, dye removal efficiency increased up to 12 hr and remained almost constant thereafter at about 40%. When influent pH was varied in the range of 6.0~8.0, the effluent pH was varied in the range of 6.8~7.5 with maximum efficiency at pH 7.0. The highest dye removal rate obtained was $52mg/{\ell}{\cdot}day$, while the maximum dye load to meet the discharge limit of color intensity was estimated to be $46mg/{\ell}{\cdot}day$ at HRT of 12 hr and an influent glucose concentration of $2200mg/{\ell}$. ????????? UASB ???????????? ???????????? C. I. Reactive Blue 114 ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????. ??????????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????, ???????????? ?????? ??? ??????, HRT, ?????? pH??? ????????? ???????????????. ?????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????????????, ????????? $1000{\sim}3000mg/{\ell}$ ???????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. HRT??? 6???????????? 24???????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????????????? HRT 12???????????? ?????????????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? 40%??? ???????????????. ?????? pH??? 6.0~8.0 ???????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? pH??? 6.8~7.5??? ????????????, pH 7.0?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????????. ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????????????? $52mg/{\ell}{\cdot}day$???????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????????? $46mg/{\ell}{\cdot}day$??? ????????????, ????????? ??????????????? HRT 12??????, ????????? ?????? $2200mg/{\ell}$?????????