“Waiting for a Wife”: Transnational Marriages and the Social Dimensions of Refugee “Integration”

This paper addresses the gap in research on the social dimensions of refugee resettlement. This is accomplished by examining refugee belonging and definitions of “integration”through a case study of Acehnese refugees resettled in Vancouver, British Columbia, between 2004 and 2006. We analyze findings based on a survey and in-depth interviews conducted five years after resettlement. Our findings suggest that recently resettled groups like the Acehnese, who are “new and few,” face specif c integration challenges. Importantly,the lengthy timelines to enact sponsorship of a spouse and/or family reunification from Aceh unwittingly inhibit the social integration of the sponsors waiting in Canada.Cet article traite de lacunes en matière de recherche sur les dimensions sociales de la réinstallation des réfugiés en examinant l’appartenance de réfugiés et les définitions de «l’intégration» à travers une étude de cas de réfugiés acehnais réinstallés à Vancouver en Colombie-Britannique, entre 2004 et 2006. Nous analysons les résultats sur la base d’un sondage et d’entrevues en profondeur menés cinq ans après la réinstallation. Nos résultats suggèrent que des groupes récemment réinstallés comme les habitants d’Aceh, qui sont «nouveaux et rares», sont confrontés à des difficultés d’intégration particulières. Notamment, les longs délais pour établir le parrainage d’un conjoint et/ou le regroupement des familles à Aceh empêchent sans le vouloir l’intégration sociale des parrains qui attendent au Canada

The October 2012 magnitude (Mw) 7.8 earthquake offshore Haida Gwaii, Canada

Alison L. Bird et al. report on the Mw 7.8 earthquake offshore Haida Gwaii, Canada, from 2012 for the Summary of the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre

EPHA2 Is Associated with Age-Related Cortical Cataract in Mice and Humans

Age-related cataract is a major cause of blindness worldwide, and cortical cataract is the second most prevalent type of age-related cataract. Although a significant fraction of age-related cataract is heritable, the genetic basis remains to be elucidated. We report that homozygous deletion of Epha2 in two independent strains of mice developed progressive cortical cataract. Retroillumination revealed development of cortical vacuoles at one month of age; visible cataract appeared around three months, which progressed to mature cataract by six months. EPHA2 protein expression in the lens is spatially and temporally regulated. It is low in anterior epithelial cells, upregulated as the cells enter differentiation at the equator, strongly expressed in the cortical fiber cells, but absent in the nuclei. Deletion of Epha2 caused a significant increase in the expression of HSP25 (murine homologue of human HSP27) before the onset of cataract. The overexpressed HSP25 was in an underphosphorylated form, indicating excessive cellular stress and protein misfolding. The orthologous human EPHA2 gene on chromosome 1p36 was tested in three independent worldwide Caucasian populations for allelic association with cortical cataract. Common variants in EPHA2 were found that showed significant association with cortical cataract, and rs6678616 was the most significant in meta-analyses. In addition, we sequenced exons of EPHA2 in linked families and identified a new missense mutation, Arg721Gln, in the protein kinase domain that significantly alters EPHA2 functions in cellular and biochemical assays. Thus, converging evidence from humans and mice suggests that EPHA2 is important in maintaining lens clarity with age

Early ultrasound surveillance of newly-created haemodialysis arteriovenous fistula

IntroductionWe assess if ultrasound surveillance of newly-created arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) can predict nonmaturation sufficiently reliably to justify randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluation of ultrasound-directed salvage intervention.MethodsConsenting adults underwent blinded fortnightly ultrasound scanning of their AVF after creation, with scan characteristics that predicted AVF nonmaturation identified by logistic regression modeling.ResultsOf 333 AVFs created, 65.8% matured by 10 weeks. Serial scanning revealed that maturation occurred rapidly, whereas consistently lower fistula flow rates and venous diameters were observed in those that did not mature. Wrist and elbow AVF nonmaturation could be optimally modeled from week 4 ultrasound parameters alone, but with only moderate positive predictive values (PPVs) (wrist, 60.6% [95% confidence interval, CI: 43.9–77.3]; elbow, 66.7% [48.9–84.4]). Moreover, 40 (70.2%) of the 57 AVFs that thrombosed by week 10 had already failed by the week 4 scan, thus limiting the potential of salvage procedures initiated by that scan’s findings to alter overall maturation rates. Modeling of the early ultrasound characteristics could also predict primary patency failure at 6 months; however, that model performed poorly at predicting assisted primary failure (those AVFs that failed despite a salvage attempt), partly because patency of at-risk AVFs was maintained by successful salvage performed without recourse to the early scan data.ConclusionEarly ultrasound surveillance may predict fistula maturation, but is likely, at best, to result in only very modest improvements in fistula patency. Power calculations suggest that an impractically large number of participants (>1700) would be required for formal RCT evaluation

Early Ultrasound Surveillance of Newly-Created Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula

Introduction: We assess if ultrasound surveillance of newly-created arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) can predict nonmaturation sufficiently reliably to justify randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluation of ultrasounddirected salvage intervention. Methods: Consenting adults underwent blinded fortnightly ultrasound scanning of their AVF after creation, with scan characteristics that predicted AVF non-maturation identified by logistic regression modelling. Results: Of 333 AVFs created, 65.8% matured by 10 weeks. Serial scanning revealed that maturation occurred rapidly, whereas consistently lower fistula flow rates and venous diameters were observed in those that did not mature. Wrist and elbow AVF non-maturation could be optimally modelled from the week four ultrasound parameters alone, but with only moderate positive predictive values (wrist, 60.6% (95% CI 43.9 – 77.3); elbow, 66.7% (48.9 - 84.4)). Moreover, 40 (70.2%) of the 57 AVFs that thrombosed by week 10 had already failed by the week 4 scan, thus limiting the potential of salvage procedures initiated by that scan’s findings to alter overall maturation rates. Modelling of the early ultrasound characteristics could also predict primary patency failure at 6 months, but that model performed poorly at predicting assisted primary failure (those AVFs that failed despite a salvage attempt), partly because patency of at-risk AVFs was maintained by successful salvage performed without recourse to the early scan data. Conclusions: Early ultrasound surveillance may predict fistula maturation, but is likely, at best, to result in only very modest improvements in fistula patency. Power calculations suggest that an impractically large number of participants (>1700) would be required for formal RCT evaluation

“Another Brick in the Wall? Neo-refoulement & the Externalisation of Asylum in Europe & Australia"

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, John D. and Catherine T . MacArthur Foundatio

Falling Through the Cracks: Barriers to Accessing Services for Children with Complex Health Conditions and their Families in New Brunswick

Access to a wide range of services is essential for children with complex health conditions and their families to ensure family-centred care that promotes positive outcomes. Despite this, these families often experience difficulties accessing the services they require. This study examined the services available and the barriers to accessing these services in New Brunswick, Canada. We conducted an environmental scan of services and semi-structured interviews with nineteen families and sixty-seven stakeholders from the health, social, and education sectors. We identified a wide range of services available to children with complex health conditions and their families. Barriers to accessing services were identified and organized into three categories: (1) service availability, (2) organizational, and (3) financial. These findings will inform policy and practice to improve services for these families.L’accès à une vaste gamme de services est essentiel pour les enfants ayant conditions de santé complexes et leur famille afin d’assurer des soins axés sur les familles qui favorisent des résultats positifs. Toujours est-il que ces familles éprouvent souvent des difficultés à avoir accès aux services dont elles ont besoin. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, on a examiné les services offerts et les obstacles qui empêchent d’obtenir de tels services au Nouveau-Brunswick, au Canada. On a entrepris une analyse du milieu des services ainsi que des entretiens semi-structurés avec 10 familles et 67 intervenants des milieux de la santé, des services sociaux et de l’éducation. On a relevé une large gamme de services offerts aux enfants ayant conditions de santé complexes et leur famille. De plus, on a cerné les obstacles à l’accès des services et on les a répartis en trois catégories : les obstacles à la disponibilité des services, les obstacles organisationnels et les obstacles financiers. Ces conclusions façonneront les politiques et les pratiques afin d’améliorer les services pour de telles familles

A Mixed-Methods Research Protocol to Learn About Children With Complex Health Conditions and Their Families

Advances have been made to improve health care for children with complex health conditions (CCHCs); however, little is known of the needs of these children and their families in the Canadian context. In this article, we describe our Canadian Institutes of Health Research funded Quick Strike protocol, a mixed-methods multisite research project that explored CCHC and their families in two Canadian provinces. The aims were (a) to describe and define CCHC, (b) to understand the needs of CCHC and their families, (c) to identify gaps and barriers to services for this population, and (d) to adapt and test the application of a computerized algorithm to yield information on CCHC. The mixed-methods design was comprised of four components: three qualitative and one quantitative. We describe the components of this project and outline the methods and procedures of data collection and analysis for each component. One of the main sources of data was interviews from 121 stakeholders, which included CCHC and family members, as well as health, social, and education professionals. This Quick Strike project was designed to engage stakeholders and the public with integrated knowledge translation threaded as a core element throughout the research process. Multiple strategies were used to validate and disseminate early findings from the research. As we outline in this article, this research project provided the foundation for one innovative service model of care, NaviCare/SoinsNavi, and spawned a number of additional outcomes such as a secondary analysis of the data to describe interprofessional collaboration for CCHC