Human dopamine receptor nanovesicles for gate-potential modulators in high-performance field-effect transistor biosensors

The development of molecular detection that allows rapid responses with high sensitivity and selectivity remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the strategy of novel bio-nanotechnology to successfully fabricate high-performance dopamine (DA) biosensor using DA Receptor-containing uniform-particle-shaped Nanovesicles-immobilized Carboxylated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (CPEDOT) NTs (DRNCNs). DA molecules are commonly associated with serious diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. For the first time, nanovesicles containing a human DA receptor D1 (hDRD1) were successfully constructed from HEK-293 cells, stably expressing hDRD1. The nanovesicles containing hDRD1 as gate-potential modulator on the conducting polymer (CP) nanomaterial transistors provided high-performance responses to DA molecule owing to their uniform, monodispersive morphologies and outstanding discrimination ability. Specifically, the DRNCNs were integrated into a liquid-ion gated field-effect transistor (FET) system via immobilization and attachment processes, leading to high sensitivity and excellent selectivity toward DA in liquid state. Unprecedentedly, the minimum detectable level (MDL) from the field-induced DA responses was as low as 10 pM in real- time, which is 10 times more sensitive than that of previously reported CP based-DA biosensors. Moreover, the FET-type DRNCN biosensor had a rapid response time (<1 s) and showed excellent selectivity in human serum

The Impact of Korean Medicine Treatment on the Incidence of Parkinson&apos;s Disease in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea

We aimed to investigate the association between Korean medicine (KM) treatment and the risk of Parkinson&apos;s Disease (PD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in South Korea. This study analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort in South Korea. The 1816 IBD patients enrolled in the analysis comprised 411 who received only conventional treatment (monotherapy group) and 1405 who received both conventional and KM treatments (integrative therapy group). The risk of PD in patients with IBD was significantly lower in the integrative therapy group than in the monotherapy group after adjusting for confounding variables (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34-0.92). In the mild Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) group, the risk of PD in patients with IBD in the integrative therapy group was 0.39 times lower (adjusted HR, 95% CI = 0.20-0.77) than that in the monotherapy group. However, there was no significant difference in the risk of PD in patients with IBD between the integrative therapy and monotherapy groups among individuals with severe CCI (adjusted HR, 0.90; 95% CI = 0.41-1.96). IBD patients are at a decreased risk of PD when they receive integrative therapy. KM treatment may prevent PD in IBD patients.Y

Mechanical properties and microstructral evolution of Al-Cr-Fe-Mn Medium entropy alloy

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탄소 첨가가 CoCrFeNiMo 중엔트로피합금의 미세조직과 기계적 특성 에 미치는 영향

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Conducting Polymer-Based Nanohybrid Transducers: A Potential Route to High Sensitivity and Selectivity Sensors

The development of novel sensing materials provides good opportunities to realize previously unachievable sensor performance. In this review, conducting polymer-based nanohybrids are highlighted as innovative transducers for high-performance chemical and biological sensing devices. Synthetic strategies of the nanohybrids are categorized into four groups: (1) impregnation, followed by reduction; (2) concurrent redox reactions; (3) electrochemical deposition; (4) seeding approach. Nanocale hybridization of conducting polymers with inorganic components can lead to improved sorption, catalytic reaction and/or transport behavior of the material systems. The nanohybrids have thus been used to detect nerve agents, toxic gases, volatile organic compounds, glucose, dopamine, and DNA. Given further advances in nanohybrids synthesis, it is expected that sensor technology will also evolve, especially in terms of sensitivity and selectivity

Novel Co-Cu-Based Immiscible Medium-Entropy Alloys with Promising Mechanical Properties

New AlxCo50−xCu50−xMnx (x = 2.5, 10, and 15 atomic %, at%) immiscible medium-entropy alloys (IMMEAs) were designed based on the cobalt-copper binary system. Aluminum, a strong B2 phase former, was added to enhance yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, while manganese was added for additional solid solution strengthening. In this work, the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the designed Al-Co-Cu-Mn system are examined. The alloys exhibit phase separation into dual face-centered cubic (FCC) phases due to the miscibility gap of the cobalt-copper binary system with the formation of CoAl-rich B2 phases. The hard B2 phases significantly contribute to the strength of the alloys, whereas the dual FCC phases contribute to elongation mitigating brittle fracture. Consequently, analysis of the Al-Co-Cu-Mn B2-strengthened IMMEAs suggest that the new alloy design methodology results in a good combination of strength and ductility

Unprecedented bake hardening responses of interstitial high-entropy alloy by synergistic effect with lattice distortion

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) composed of multiple principal elements have attracted considerable interest in recent decades as a new class of metallic materials. Among them, the equi-atomic CoCrFeMnNi HEA system has great potential for application as a structural material due to its excellent properties in various fields, but it has a drawback of relatively low yield strength (YS) at room temperature. Here, for the first time, we propose the bake hardening (BH) as a breakthrough to overcome the relatively inferior YS of the CoCrFeMnNi HEA system. We found that the carbon-added CoCrFeMnNi HEAs are not only bake-hardenable, but also exhibit unprecedented BH responses than conventional bake-hardenable materials, with BH responses up to 120.0 MPa depending on the carbon concentration in the matrix. It is the outcome of the mutual synergistic effect between the massive solid solution strengthening characteristic from lattice distortion of the HEAs and the Cottrell atmosphere generated during the BH process. This study demonstrates that the carbon-added CoCrFeMnNi HEAs are more advantageous to apply the BH effect than conventional bake-hardenable materials, which suggests the possibility of industrialization of various interstitial HEA systems as well as carbon-added CoCrFeMnNi HEAs

Large-scale fabrication method of heterostructured materials using conventional cold-rolling for industrial applications

Heterostructured materials offer great promise as next-generation structural materials, providing excellent combinations of strength and elongation. However, the need for additional equipment for heterostructuring poses challenges for scalability. In this study, we propose a strategy to fabricate heterostructured materials using conventional cold-rolling, eliminating the need for additional pre- or post-treatments. This newly developed method refines only surface grains with shear stress induced by cold-rolling performed at a slight thickness reduction. The cold-rolled samples exhibited improved strengths at the expense of ductility compared to the as-received homogeneous sample, primarily attributed to the heterogeneous strengthening effect and the increased pre-existing dislocation densities. Depending on the cold-rolling process conditions, yield strength increased from 85.6 MPa to 138.6 MPa, and the corresponding elongation loss was 5.5% and 14.8%, respectively. The increase in yield strength of the cold-rolled samples at the same uniform elongation as the as-received sample, calculated using a trend line, was about 51.5 MPa. This proposed strategy has the potential to advance the industrialization of heterostructured materials by enabling large-scale fabrication using conventional processing equipment

The evolution of microstructure and micro-texture in a metastable Fe45Co35Cr10V10 medium-entropy alloy subjected to cold rolling

Microstructure and micro-texture evolution in a Fe45Co35Cr10V10 medium-entropy alloy under 10-–88% cold rolling was investigated by electron backscattering diffraction. The variant graph method reconstructed parent γ grain orientations at 20, 30 and 40% thickness reduction to determine the operative orientation relationships (ORs) with the child ε and α′-martensite phases and to study variant selection. The parent γ phase accommodates deformation by faulting, slip, shear banding and martensitic phase transformation via the γ→ε→α′and γ→α′pathways. The ε and α′ -martensite variant selection occurs within individual parent γ grains but not in the bulk microstructure. Variant pairing in α′-martensite shifts from a preference for the same crystallographic packet group to the same Bain group with increasing thickness reduction. The development of the Brass-type micro-texture in the parent γ phase beyond 40% thickness reduction is attributed to Cuγ and Sγ orientations transforming to ε and α′-martensite, along with shear banding. The micro-texture of ε-martensite records maximum intensities for ∼011¯537¯42ε and ∼112¯61¯1¯21ε on the hkil-fibre and originating from ∼Cuγ and Sγ via the Shoji-Nishiyama OR. The α′-martensite micro-texture is characterised by the αα′, γα′ and βα′ fibres. The βα′ -fibre forms between 20% and 60% thickness reduction and rotates towards stable orientations along the αα′-fibre at higher thickness reductions. Modelling shows that orientations along the βα′ and γα′ - fibres stem from ∼Brγ and ∼Sγ and those along the αα′-fibre originate from Gγ, Brγ, Cuγ, and Sγ

Corrosion behavior of VCrFeCoNi medium-entropy alloy in chloride solution

The present work investigates the corrosion properties and passivation layer of VCrFeCoNi medium-entropy alloy (V-MEA). The V-MEA exhibits the corrosion current density of ∼0.101 μA and corrosion potential of ∼ -0.336 V with a broad passivation region of ∼0.763 V from the potentiodynamic polarization measurement. The V-MEA shows the multilayer passivation with vanadium oxides-rich outer layer and chromium oxide-rich inner layer. The outer layer as a cation-selective layer defeats Cl− ions and the inner layer as an anion-selective species captures the Cl− ions. Resultantly, fewer Cl− ions can go through the passivation layer, leading to the broad passivation region of V-MEA