Pre-hospital i-gel blind intubation for trauma: a simulation study

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of i-gel blind intubation (IGI) as a rescue device for definitive airway management in ground intubation for pre-hospital trauma patients. Methods A prospective randomized crossover study was conducted with 18 paramedics to examine intubation performance of two blind intubation techniques through a supraglottic airway devices (IGI and laryngeal mask airway Fastrach), compared with use of a Macintosh laryngoscope (MCL). Each intubation was conducted at two levels of patient positions (ground- and stretcher-level). Primary outcomes were the intubation time and the success rate for intubation. Results The intubation time (sec) of each intubation technique was not significantly different between the two positions. In both patient positions, the intubation time of IGI was shortest among the three intubation techniques (17.9±5.2 at the ground-level and 16.9±3.8 at the stretcher-level). In the analysis of cumulative success rate and intubation time, IGI was the fastest to reach 100% success among the three intubation techniques regardless of patient position (all P<0.017). The success of intubation was only affected by the intubation technique, and IGI achieved more success than MCL (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 11.6; P=0.03). Conclusion The patient position did not affect intubation performance. Additionally, the intubation time with blind intubation through supraglottic airway devices, especially with IGI, was significantly shorter than that with MCL

FDCR: A Full-Duplex Collision Resolution Scheme for Next-Generation Wireless LANs

Full-duplex capable wireless stations can detect incoming signals during transmission. Therefore, they can reduce channel time wasted in collisions by detecting a collision and stopping the ongoing transmission immediately. However, in collisions between full-duplex and legacy stations, even if the full-duplex station stops transmitting, the collision duration does not decrease since legacy stations cannot detect the collision. This letter proposes a novel medium access control scheme, called FDCR, which resolves a collision between full-duplex and legacy stations. FDCR provides collision resolution without modifying the 802.11 standard of legacy stations. When a collision occurs, the full-duplex station reports information on the colliding stations to the access point. Then transmission opportunity is granted to them. The analytical model and simulation results show that the throughput of FDCR outperforms existing studies.11Nsciescopu

Unlocking performance potential of two-dimensional SnS2 transistors with solution-processed high-k Y:HfO2 film and semimetal bismuth contact

Two-dimensional (2D) tin disulfide (SnS2) is emerging as a viable channel material for high-performance field-effect transistors (FET) with high intrinsic mobility. To implement a high-performance two-dimensional SnS2 FET, high field-effect mobility (μFE), steep subthreshold swing (SS), high on-current value (Ion), and high on/off ratio (Ion/Ioff) must be realized. To improve these parameters, we first fabricated a high-k (∼30.5) yttrium-doped hafnium dioxide (Y:HfO2) film through a solution process to suppress Coulomb electron scattering, and to enhance the semiconductor-dielectric interface with an efficient metal–oxygen framework and a very smooth (root mean square = 0.29 nm) surface. Second, we induced Fermi level depinning by introducing a semimetal bismuth (Bi) contact with a low density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level to suppress the metal-induced gap state (MIGS). Through these two strategies, the SnS2 FET obtained high μFE (60.5 cm2V-1s−1), the SS theoretical limit of 60 mV/dec, negligible Schottky barrier height, high normalized on-current (IonL/W) of 90.6 μA, and high Ion/Ioff of 3 × 107, demonstrating that SnS2 can be re-evaluated as a potentially effective 2D channel material. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.FALS