Analysis of the tensile deformation behaviour of nanocrystalline metals - A multi-scale approach

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Comparing different types of statins for secondary prevention of cardio-cerebrovascular disease from a national cohort study.

Statins have been recommended for use in atherosclerotic cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of five different types of statin in the secondary prevention of CCVD in patients. This study retrospectively designed and analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Health in Korea. Participants aged 40 to 69 years were categorized into five statin groups (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, pitavastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin). The primary composite outcome was defined as recurrence of CCVD or all causes of death. Cox proportional hazard regression models were adopted after stepwise adjustments for confounders to investigate the difference in efficacy among the different statins. Of the 755 final participants, 48 patients experienced primary composite outcomes. After adjustments, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for primary composite outcomes of atorvastatin, pitavastatin, and rosuvastatin groups were 0.956 (0.456-2.005), 1.347 (0.354-5.116), and 0.943 (0.317-2.803), respectively, when compared with the simvastatin group. There were no significant differences between the statins in efficacy for preventing recurrence of CCVD events and/or death in CCVD patients

Nanoindentation Analysis for Local Properties of Ultrafine Grained Copper Processed by High Pressure Torsion

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Primary Prevention of Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases and Related Deaths According to Statin Type

(1) Background: Statin is the mainstay of treatment for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiocerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) in adults with hypercholesterolemia. This study aims to investigate the differences in effect on primary composite outcomes (CCVDs and CCVD-related deaths) among five statins in hypercholesterolemic individuals. (2) Methods: This retrospective study is based on the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort. Participants, aged 40 to 69 years at baseline, were categorized into five statin-treated groups (pitavastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin) and two untreated groups (untreated hypercholesterolemia and no hypercholesterolemia). (3) Results: A total of 161,583 individuals was included. The median follow-up period was 8.2 years. Compared with the pitavastatin group, the hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for CCVDs and CCVD-related deaths of the atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, untreated hypercholesterolemia, and no-hypercholesterolemia groups were 0.969 (0.567–1.657), 0.988 (0.533–1.832), 0.862 (0.490–1.518), 0.906 (0.326–2.515), 2.665 (1.556–4.562), and 0.656 (0.388–1.110), respectively, in men and 1.124 (0.632–1.999), 1.119 (0.582–2.152), 1.324 (0.730–2.400), 1.023 (0.330–3.171), 2.650 (1.476–4.758), and 0.921 (0.522–1.625), respectively, in women, after being fully adjusted. (4) Conclusions: No significant differences among the five statins were observed, but there was an increased risk in untreated hypercholesterolemic individuals, for CCVDs and CCVDs-related deaths in individuals with hypercholesterolemia of either sex

Incidence rates of retinal vascular occlusive diseases from 2011 to 2020 in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study

Abstract Background Retinal vascular occlusions, including retinal vein occlusion and retinal artery occlusion, are common causes of visual impairment. In order to evaluate the national medical burden and help improve ophthalmic health care policy planning, we investigated the incidence of retinal vascular occlusive diseases from 2011 to 2020 in Korea. Methods This study is a nationwide population-based retrospective study using data from the Korea national health claim database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) service. We identified retinal vascular occlusive diseases registered from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2020, according to the retinal vascular occlusion code (H34) and its sub-codes from international classification of disease, tenth revision diagnosis code. We used data from the entire Korean population based on the 2015 census of the population in Korea to calculate standardized incidence rates. Results We identified 348,775 individuals (male, 161,673 [46.4%]; female, 187,102 [53.6%]) with incident retinal vascular occlusion (H34), 10,451 individuals (males, 6,329 [60.6%]; females, 4,122 [39.4%]) with incident central retinal artery occlusion (H34.1), and 252,810 individuals (males, 114,717 [45.4%]; females, 138,093 [54.6%]) with incident retinal vein occlusion (H34.8) during the 10-year study period. The weighted mean incidence rate of retinal vascular occlusion was 70.41 (95% CI, 70.18–70.65) cases/100,000 person-years. The weighted mean incidence rate of central retinal artery occlusion was 2.10 (95% CI, 2.06–2.14) cases/100,000 person-years. The weighted mean incidence rate of retinal vein occlusion was 50.99 (95% CI, 50.79–51.19) cases/100,000 person-years. Conclusion The total retinal vascular occlusion and retinal vein occlusion showed a decreasing trend until 2020. However, the central retinal artery occlusion decreased until 2014 and remained stable without a significant further decline until 2020. The incidence of total retinal vascular occlusion and retinal vein occlusion was higher in females than in males, while the incidence of central retinal artery occlusion was higher in males. All retinal vascular occlusive diseases showed an increasing incidence with older age; the peak age incidence was 75–79 years for total retinal vascular occlusion and retinal vein occlusion, and 80–85 years for central retinal artery occlusion

The differentiation-inducing effect of conditioned media obtained from dental pulp cells

Objective Conditioned media (CM) from human dental pulp cells (HDPC) was investigated for its effects on the proliferation and differentiation of HDPC and MG63 cells. Study design CM prepared from the primary culture of HDPC was used for the culture of HDPC and MG63. Cell growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, mRNA expression of differentiation-related genes, and mineralization of the HDPC and MG63 cells in the media containing CM were assessed. Results HDPC CM increased the cell growth of HDPC but decreased MG63 cell growth. ALPase activity and the mineralization of both HDPC and MG63 were enhanced by HDPC CM. The CM also up-regulated the expressions of DSPP, DMP-1, and OCN mRNA in HDPC. Pretreatment of HDPC CM with a neutralizing antibody against TGF-β completely eliminated the effect of CM on ALPase activity in HDPC. Conclusion HDPC was able to secrete odontogenic differentiation-inducing factors, in which TGF-β seems to a key element of the CM effects