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Efficient Schemes for Reducing Imperfect Collective Decoherences
We propose schemes that are efficient when each pair of qubits undergoes some
imperfect collective decoherence with different baths. In the proposed scheme,
each pair of qubits is first encoded in a decoherence-free subspace composed of
two qubits. Leakage out of the encoding space generated by the imperfection is
reduced by the quantum Zeno effect. Phase errors in the encoded bits generated
by the imperfection are reduced by concatenation of the decoherence-free
subspace with either a three-qubit quantum error correcting code that corrects
only phase errors or a two-qubit quantum error detecting code that detects only
phase errors, connected with the quantum Zeno effect again.Comment: no correction, 3 pages, RevTe
A precise definition of the Standard Model
We declare that we are living in the quantum 4-dimensional Minkowski
space-time with the force-fields gauge-group structure built-in from the very beginning. From this overall
background, we see the lepton world, which has the symmetry characterized by
- the lepton world is also called "the
atomic world". From the overall background, we also see the quark world, which
experiences the well-known symmetry, i.e., . The quark world is also called "the nuclear world".
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) in our Universe provides
the evidence of that "the force-fields gauge-group structure was built-in from
the very beginning". The CMB is almost uniform, to the level of one part in
, reflecting the massless of the photons.
The lepton world is dimensionless in the 4-dimensional Minkowski space-time.
That is, all couplings are dimensionless. The quark world is also dimensionless
in the 4-dimensional Minkowski space-time. Apart from the "ignition" term, the
gauge and Higgs sector, i.e., the overall background, is also dimensionless.
Thus, apart the "ignition" term, our world as a whole is dimensionless in the
4-dimensional Minkowski space-time - that is, it is the characteristic of the
quantum 4-dimensional Minkowski space-time.Comment: 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1301.646
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