Flow Accelerated Corrosion of Stainless Steel 316L by a Rotating Disk in Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Melt

Stainless steel 316L specimens were snug fitted into a rotating disk submerged in molten LBE and subjected to spatially varying local flow velocity along the radial position. The specimens experienced LBE flow velocity from 0.50 m/s to 3.14 m/s depending on their radial location. The test was conducted at 600 degrees C with an oxygen concentration of 2.87 x 10(-8) wt% for 150 h. Resulting microstructural characteristics of the corroded zone were found to be sensitively affected by local flow velocity and were categorized into four regimes. For linear disk velocity > 2.0 m/s, the affected zone thickness became increasingly less sensitive to flow velocity as the overall reaction became reaction rate controlled. At the velocity of similar to 3.0 m/s, erosion-corrosion started to take place. The flow effect on the affected zone thickness (l) agreed with the model based on the disk velocity (v) effect on the mass transfer of a rotating disk as 1/l similar to v(-0.792)

Fourteen lessons learned from the successful nuclear power program of the Republic of Korea

This paper summarized a development history and lessons of Korean nuclear power infrastructures from the beginning of the nuclear power program in 1956 to the localization of complete scope of PWR technology in 1990. The objective of this paper is to show the guideline on the issues that the development of a national infrastructure for nuclear power using the realistic experiences in order to help the developing countries newly starting nuclear power program as a long-term energy supply option. Development strategies and lessons learned from the successful Korean experience have been presented based on milestones structure of IAEA in order to help decision makers, advisers, senior managers and national planners of nuclear power program. Lessons for national nuclear power programs include considerations before launching a program, preparation and decision making, and the construction of the first nuclear power plant. Scope of these lessons includes knowledge and human resources management, financial and industrial infrastructure development, nuclear safety, legislative and regulatory experiences, fuel cycle and waste management, international cooperation. Fourteen lessons learned either positive or not are derived from the Korean case and are suggested for incorporation in the IAEA's efforts in support of developing countries' development of nuclear infrastructure and planning. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reservedclose151

Fourteen lessons learned from the successful nuclear power program of the Republic of Korea

This paper summarized a development history and lessons of Korean nuclear power infrastructures from the beginning of the nuclear power program in 1956 to the localization of complete scope of PWR technology in 1990. The objective of this paper is to show the guideline on the issues that the development of a national infrastructure for nuclear power using the realistic experiences in order to help the developing countries newly starting nuclear power program as a long-term energy supply option. Development strategies and lessons learned from the successful Korean experience have been presented based on milestones structure of IAEA in order to help decision makers, advisers, senior managers and national planners of nuclear power program. Lessons for national nuclear power programs include considerations before launching a program, preparation and decision making, and the construction of the first nuclear power plant. Scope of these lessons includes knowledge and human resources management, financial and industrial infrastructure development, nuclear safety, legislative and regulatory experiences, fuel cycle and waste management, international cooperation. Fourteen lessons learned either positive or not are derived from the Korean case and are suggested for incorporation in the IAEA's efforts in support of developing countries' development of nuclear infrastructure and planning.Korea Nuclear power program Infrastructure development

Three-dimensional multispecies current density simulation of molten-salt electrorefining

This study presents three-dimensional simulation results of multispecies and multi-reaction electrorefining for spent nuclear waste treatment. Fluid-dynamic behavior of electrorefining is analyzed by commercial computational fluid-dynamics code. The results of local fluid dynamics are coupled with one-dimensional electrochemical reaction analysis code in order to predict local current density distribution. The new approach shows current distribution patterns over the cathode surface in LiCl-KCl molten-salt electrolyte. The current density distribution patterns are analyzed for various electrode rotational speeds and diverse applied currents and the results show a good agreement with general principle of mass transfer observations. Spatially periodic and vertically striped pattern of current density is predicted at the cathode side due to mass transfer depression at separation points. These slow mass transfer regions are vulnerable to be contaminated by transuranic elements. High rotational cathode speed and slow rotational anode speed are favorable to achieve uniform current density distribution with high applied current. The developed three-dimensional simulation will provide an improved understanding of complex electrochemical and transport phenomena that cannot be experimentally investigated and can be used to improve efficiency of electrorefiner design with high uranium throughput and small effluence of radioactive transuranic elements. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reservedclose111