Genetical and physiological studies of the domestic fowl

A. GENETICS OF THE FOWL: 1930 I The inheritance of frizzled plumage. Journ. Genet. 22: 109 -127. • 1933 II A four -gene autosomal linkage group. Genetics 18: 82 -91. • 1934 III Congenital tremor in young chicks. Journ. Hered. 25: 341 -390. (Hutt and Child) • 1936 IV Linkage relations of crest, dominant white and frizzling in the fowl. Amer. Nat. 70: 379 -394. (warren and Hutt) • V The modified frizzle. Journ. Genet. 32: 277 -295. • VI A tentative chromosome map. 3eue Forachungen in Tierzucht und Abstammungslehre (Doerst Festschrift): 105-112. • 1938 VII Breed differences in susceptibility to extreme heat. Poultry Science 17: 454-462. • 1939 VIII Breed differences in resistance to a deficiency of vitamin B1 in the fowl. Journ. Agric. Res. 58: 305-316. (Lamoreux and Hutt) • 1938 IX Naked, a new sex -linked mutation. Journ. Hered. 29: 370 -379. (Hutt and Sturkie) • X A relation between breed characteristics and poor reproduction in White Wyandotte fowls. Amer. Nat. (In press)NOT IN THE REGULAR SERIES: 1929 A note on Lambert =s mosaic in the fowl. Journ. Hered. 20: 323 -324. • Sex dimorphism and vari+bility in the appendiculcr skeleton of the Leghorn fowl. Poultry Science 8: 202- 218. • 1932 Eight new mutations in the domestic fowl. Proc. Sixth Internat. Congress of Genetics, Ithaca, New York, 1932. Vol. 2: 96-97.B. MAMMALIAN GENETICS: 1930 Bovine quadruplets including twins apparently monozygotic. Journ. Hered. 21: 339-348. • 1932 Congenital tailleesness in the rat. Journ. Hered. 23: 363-367. (Hutt and Mydland) • 1934 A hereditary lethal muscle contracture in cattle. Mourn. Hered. 25: 41-46,C. HUMAN GENETICS 1934 Sex differences in the expression of autosomal genes affecting humen dentition. A Decade of Progress in Eugenics, Scientific Papers of the 3rd. International Congress of Eugenics, 1932: 447-452. • 1935 An earlier record of the toothless men of Sind. Journ. Herod. 26: 65-66.B. EMBRYONIC MORTALITY IN THE FOWL: 1929 I The frequencies of various malpositions of the chick embryo and their significance. Proc. Roy Soc. Edin. 49, Pt. 2, No. 10: 118-130. • II Chondrodystrophy in the chick. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. 49, Pt. 2, No. 11: 131 -144. (Hutt and Greenwood) • III Chick monsters in relation to embryonic mortality. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. 49, Pt. 2, No. 12: 145 - 155. (Hutt and Greenwood) • 1930 IV Comparative rates of mortality in eggs laid at different periods of the day and their bearing on theories of the origin of monsters. Poultry Science 9: 194-203. (Hutt and. Pilkey) • 1934 V Relationships between positions of the egg and frequencies of malpositions. Poultry Science 13: 3 -13. (Hutt and Pilkey) • Vi The relation between abnormal orientation of the 4-day embryo and position of the chick at hatching. Journ. Agric. Res. 48: 517 -531. (Covers and Hutt) • 1938 VII On the relation of malpositions to the size and shape of eggs. Poultry Science 17: 345 -352.NOT IN THE REGULAR SERIES: 1930 On the origin, common types end economic significance of teratological monsters in embryos of the domestic fowl. Froc. 4th World's Poultry Congress, London: 195 -202.E. AVIAN PHYSIOLOGY (mostly endocrinology and physiology of reproduction): 1928 Further experiments in feeding thyroid to fowls. Poultry Science 7: 50-66. (Cole and Hutt) • Potentially fetal fatigue of the cervical muscles of the fowl resulting from an excessively large comb. Vet. Journ. 84: 579 -584. • 1929 On the relation of fertility in fowls to the amount of testicular material and density of sperm suspension. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. 49, Pt. 2, No. 9: 102-117. • 1930 A note on the effects of different doses of thyroid on the fowl. Journ. Exper. Biol. 7: 1 -6. • 1933 On the fecundity of partially ovariotomised fowls. Journ. Exp. Zool. 65: 199 -214. (Hutt and Grussendorf) • 1935 Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and tetany in the fowl. Endocrinology 19: 39& -492. (Hutt and Boyd) • 1938 The influence of estrogens in egg yolk upon avian blood calcium. Endocrinology 23: 793-799. (Altmann and Hutt) • 1939 Variability of body temperature in the normal chick. Poultry Science lge 70-75. (Lamoreax and Hutt) • An intrafollicular ovum laïd by a fowl. Poultry Science (In press)F. ORNITHOLOGY: 1932 Birds observed.from shipboard in crossing the North Atlantic. The Auk 49z 184 -190. • 1938 Humber of feathers and body sire in passerine birds. The Auk 55: 651 -657. (Hutt and Ball)G. REVIEWS AND GENERAL: 1932 Paradoxical terminology in genetics. Amer. Nat. 66: 274 -277. • 1933 Research with a hen. Science 78: 449 -452. 1934 Inherited, lethal characters in domestic animals. The Cornell Veterinarian 24: 1 -25. • 1938 The geneticist's objectives in poultry improvement. Amer. Nat. 72: 268-284

BMQ

BMQ: Boston Medical Quarterly was published from 1950-1966 by the Boston University School of Medicine and the Massachusetts Memorial Hospitals

A neural population model of the bi-phasic EEG-power spectrum during general anaesthesia

International audienceThe neuronal mechanisms of general anaesthesia are still poorly understood, though the induction of analgesia, amnesia, immobility and loss of consciousness by anaesthetic agents is well-established in hospital practice. To shed some light onto these mysterious effects, the chapter analyzes mathematically a neural field model describing the neural population dynamics by an integro-differential equation. The power spectrum is derived and compared to experimental results

Anesthetic action on the transmission delay between cortex and thalamus explains the beta-buzz observed under propofol anesthesia

In recent years, more and more surgeries under general anesthesia have been performed with the assistance of electroencephalogram (EEG) monitors. An increase in anesthetic concentration leads to characteristic changes in the power spectra of the EEG. Although tracking the anesthetic-induced changes in EEG rhythms can be employed to estimate the depth of anesthesia, their precise underlying mechanisms are still unknown. A prominent feature in the EEG of some patients is the emergence of a strong power peak in the β–frequency band, which moves to the α–frequency band while increasing the anesthetic concentration. This feature is called the beta-buzz. In the present study, we use a thalamo-cortical neural population feedback model to reproduce observed characteristic features in frontal EEG power obtained experimentally during propofol general anesthesia, such as this beta-buzz. First, we find that the spectral power peak in the α– and δ–frequency ranges depend on the decay rate constant of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, but the anesthetic action on synapses does not explain the beta-buzz. Moreover, considering the action of propofol on the transmission delay between cortex and thalamus, the model reveals that the beta-buzz may result from a prolongation of the transmission delay by increasing propofol concentration. A corresponding relationship between transmission delay and anesthetic blood concentration is derived. Finally, an analytical stability study demonstrates that increasing propofol concentration moves the systems resting state towards its stability threshold

Epidermolysa bullosa in Danish Hereford calves is caused by a deletion in LAMC2 gene

BACKGROUND Heritable forms of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) constitute a heterogeneous group of skin disorders of genetic aetiology that are characterised by skin and mucous membrane blistering and ulceration in response to even minor trauma. Here we report the occurrence of EB in three Danish Hereford cattle from one herd. RESULTS Two of the animals were necropsied and showed oral mucosal blistering, skin ulcerations and partly loss of horn on the claws. Lesions were histologically characterized by subepidermal blisters and ulcers. Analysis of the family tree indicated that inbreeding and the transmission of a single recessive mutation from a common ancestor could be causative. We performed whole genome sequencing of one affected calf and searched all coding DNA variants. Thereby, we detected a homozygous 2.4 kb deletion encompassing the first exon of the LAMC2 gene, encoding for laminin gamma 2 protein. This loss of function mutation completely removes the start codon of this gene and is therefore predicted to be completely disruptive. The deletion co-segregates with the EB phenotype in the family and absent in normal cattle of various breeds. Verifying the homozygous private variants present in candidate genes allowed us to quickly identify the causative mutation and contribute to the final diagnosis of junctional EB in Hereford cattle. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation confirms the known role of laminin gamma 2 in EB aetiology and shows the importance of whole genome sequencing in the analysis of rare diseases in livestock

Tc-99m labelled bone scintigraphy in suspected cardiac amyloidosis

Aims: To perform evaluation of widely embraced bone scintigraphy-based non-biopsy diagnostic criteria (NBDC) for ATTR amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in clinical practice, and to refine serum free light chain (sFLC) ratio cut-offs that reliably exclude monoclonal gammopathy (MG) in chronic kidney disease. Methods and results: A multi-national retrospective study of 3354 patients with suspected or histologically proven cardiac amyloidosis (CA) referred to specialist centres from 2015 to 2021; evaluations included radionuclide bone scintigraphy, serum and urine immunofixation, sFLC assay, eGFR measurement and echocardiography. Seventy-nine percent (1636/2080) of patients with Perugini grade 2 or 3 radionuclide scans fulfilled NBDC for ATTR-CM through absence of a serum or urine monoclonal protein on immunofixation together with a sFLC ratio falling within revised cut-offs incorporating eGFR; 403 of these patients had amyloid on biopsy, all of which were ATTR type, and their survival was comparable to non-biopsied ATTR-CM patients (p = 0.10). Grade 0 radionuclide scans were present in 1091 patients, of whom 284 (26%) had CA, confirmed as AL type (AL-CA) in 276 (97%) and as ATTR-CM in only one case with an extremely rare TTR variant. Among 183 patients with grade 1 radionuclide scans, 122 had MG of whom 106 (87%) had AL-CA; 60/61 (98%) without MG had ATTR-CM. Conclusion: The NBDC for ATTR-CM are highly specific [97% (95% CI 0.91-0.99)] in clinical setting, and diagnostic performance was further refined here using new cut-offs for sFLC ratio in patients with CKD. A grade 0 radionuclide scan all but excludes ATTR-CM but occurs in most patients with AL-CA. Grade 1 scans in patients with CA and no MG are strongly suggestive of early ATTR-type, but require urgent histologic corroboration

Inverse temperature dependence of the dust submillimeter spectral index

We present a compilation of PRONAOS-based results concerning the temperature dependence of the dust submillimeter spectral index, including data from Galactic cirrus, star-forming regions, dust associated to a young stellar object, and a spiral galaxy. We observe large variations of the spectral index (from 0.8 to 2.4) in a wide range of temperatures (11 to 80 K). These spectral index variations follow a hyperbolic-shaped function of the temperature, high spectral indices (1.6-2.4) being observed in cold regions (11-20 K) while low indices (0.8-1.6) are observed in warm regions (35-80 K). Three distinct effects may play a role in this temperature dependence: one is that the grain sizes change in dense environments, another is that the chemical composition of the grains is not the same in different environments, a third one is that there is an intrinsic dependence of the dust spectral index on the temperature due to quantum processes. This last effect is backed up by laboratory measurements and could be the dominant one.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Letter accepted April 2003 in A&

The DESiGN trial (DEtection of Small for Gestational age Neonate), evaluating the effect of the Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Stillbirth rates in the United Kingdom (UK) are amongst the highest of all developed nations. The association between small-for-gestational-age (SGA) foetuses and stillbirth is well established, and observational studies suggest that improved antenatal detection of SGA babies may halve the stillbirth rate. The Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP) describes a complex intervention that includes risk assessment for SGA and screening using customised fundal-height growth charts. Increased detection of SGA from the use of GAP has been implicated in the reduction of stillbirth rates by 22%, in observational studies of UK regions where GAP uptake was high. This study will be the first randomised controlled trial examining the clinical efficacy, health economics and implementation of the GAP programme in the antenatal detection of SGA. METHODS/DESIGN: In this randomised controlled trial, clusters comprising a maternity unit (or National Health Service Trust) were randomised to either implementation of the GAP programme, or standard care. The primary outcome is the rate of antenatal ultrasound detection of SGA in infants found to be SGA at birth by both population and customised standards, as this is recognised as being the group with highest risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality. Secondary outcomes include antenatal detection of SGA by population centiles, antenatal detection of SGA by customised centiles, short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes, resource use and economic consequences, and a process evaluation of GAP implementation. Qualitative interviews will be performed to assess facilitators and barriers to implementation of GAP. DISCUSSION: This study will be the first to provide data and outcomes from a randomised controlled trial investigating the potential difference between the GAP programme compared to standard care for antenatal ultrasound detection of SGA infants. Accurate information on the performance and service provision requirements of the GAP protocol has the potential to inform national policy decisions on methods to reduce the rate of stillbirth. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Primary registry and trial identifying number: ISRCTN 67698474 . Registered on 2 November 2016