Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology

Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements

The dream machine Launch of the UK National Lottery

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Z-PINCH IMPLOSION DRIVEN X-RAY LASER RESEARCH

In experiments performed during the past two years on Proto II (a 10-TW pulsed-power accelerator), we imploded annular plasmas onto thin-walled annular x-ray laser targets in order to create a radiation pump source for x-ray laser physics studies. This Z-pinch must be axially uniform and must efficiently produce the pump radiation without destroying the laser medium on the cylindrical axis of symmetry. To characterize the pump source x-rays and lasant conditions, we regularly field a large number of x-ray diagnostics. In recent experiments, we produced over 15 kJ of ≥1-keV pump radiation with an imploding neon gas-puff load. We are considering both recombination and resonance-pumped x-ray laser schemes