Detection of Indicator Genes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Meat Samples

Aims: The presence of Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), on retail meat products is becoming more and more of a concern. The aim of the present study is to examine the recovered strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from different retail beef in Najaf/ Iraq. Methodology and results: The phenotypically by conventional identification. Genotypical examination was made also by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the genes some diagnostic genes for the enterotoxins sea, seb, sed. More than 200 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, from different  butchers meat shops. MRSA strains  were characterized by streaking on different selective media and biochemically identified as Staphylococcus aureus MRSA.  The results showed that the appearance of sea genes in  51% of the isolates. Seb gene was in 18.90% of the isolates while 5.40 %  of the isolates displayed sed gene. Also, Resistance towards six different antimicrobial agents was assessed and revealed that the tested strains of  Staphylococcus aureus showed different level of resistance for  Streptomycin 100%, Cotrimoxazole 100% , Cephalothin  45.90%and Tetracycline 32.3%.  Conclusion, significance and impact of study: the majority of molecular isolate types have been connected to human infections globally, demonstrating that these S. aureus strains in Iraq have a potential for serious pathogenicity. The presence of the genes (sea, sed, and seb) in the MERSA isolates from meat in this study is alarming and raising public health concerns

Correlation between Serum and Tissue Markers in Breast Cancer Iraqi Patients

            يعد سرطان الثدي من أكثر الأورام الخبيثة انتشارًا بين النساء في جميع أنحاء العالم ، وفي العراق يحتل المرتبة الأولى والسبب الرئيسي لوفيات الإناث المرتبطة بالسرطان. صممت هذه الدراسة لبحث العلاقات بين معلمات المصل والنسيج من أجل توضيح دورها في تطور أو تراجع سرطان الثدي. معلمات الورم هي مجموعة من المواد ، تكون بشكل رئيسي ذات طبيعة بروتينية ، تنتج من الخلايا السرطانية أو من خلايا أخرى في الجسم استجابة للورم. أجريت الدراسة في الفترة من أبريل 2018 إلى أبريل 2019 بإجمالي عدد 60 امرأة مصابة بسرطان الثدي. تم جمع عينات الدم من النساء المصابات بسرطان الثدي في فترة ما بعد الجراحة وما قبل العلاج اللائي حضرن إلى مستشفى الأورام التعليمي في مدينة الطب في بغداد وتم تقييم معلمات المصل بتقنية ELISA وهي Carbohydrate Antigen 15-3 (Ca 15-3) و Carbohydrate Antigen 29 Ca 27.29)) ، هرمون مضاد مولر (AMH) ، عامل نخر الورم ألفا (TNF-α) ، إنترلوكين 6 (IL-6) ، إنترلوكين 10 (IL-10) وبروتين البربخ البشري 4 (HE4) . تم جمع عينات الأنسجة لنفس النساء المصابات بسرطان الثدي اللواتي حضرن إلى مدينة الطب ، بغداد بإجمالي عدد 30. تم تقييم معلمات الأنسجة باستخدام تقنية الكيمياء النسجية المناعية وهي مستقبلات هرمون الاستروجين (ER) ، مستقبلات البروجسترون (PR) ، مستقبل عامل نمو البشرة البشري 2  (Her 2 / neu) و Cyclin E.  أظهرت نتائج العلاقات بين معلمات المصل و معلمات الانسجة وجود ارتباط معنوي موجب (0.017) بين مستضد الكاربوهيدرات 27.29 و مستقبل عامل النمو البشرة البشري 2 ، (0.038) بين انترلوكين-6 مع النمط الظاهري لسايكلين اي ، (0.051) بين عامل نخر الورم-الفا و شدة سايكلين اي ، (0.005) بين بروتين البربخ البشري-4 و مستقبل عامل النمو البشرة البشري 2 و ارتباط معنوي سالب (0.058) بين انترلوكين-10 و مستقبل الاستروجين ، و (0.045) بين بروتين البربخ البشري-4 و شدة سايكلين اي. نستنتج من هذه العلاقات أن العلاقات الطردية تزيد من تطور المرض ، مثل العلاقة بين Ca 27.29 مع Her-2 / neu و cyclin E مع IL-6 و cyclin E مع TNF-α. وقد تساهم العلاقات العكسية في تأخر المرض ، مثل العلاقة بين IL-10 مع ER. من نتائج العلاقات في هذه الدراسة أتضح أن المعلمات Ca 27.29 ، Her-2 / neu ، cyclin E تلعب دورًا مهمًا في تطور المرض.Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, in Iraq it ranks the first among the population and the leading cause of cancer related female mortality. This study is designed to investigate the correlations between serum and tissue markers in order to clarify their role in progression or regression breast cancer. Tumor Markers are groups of substances, mainly proteins, produced from cancer cell or from other cells in the body in response to tumor.  The study was carried out from April 2018 to April 2019 with total number of 60 breast cancer women. The blood samples were collected from breast cancer women in postoperative and pretherapeutic who attended teaching oncology hospital of the medical city in Baghdad and the serum markers evaluated by ELISA technique are Carbohydrate Antigen 15-3 (Ca 15-3), Carbohydrate Antigen 27.29 (Ca 27.29), Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Human Epidiymis Protein-4 (HE4). Tissue samples were collected for the same breast cancer women who attended medical city, Baghdad with total number 30. The tissue markers evaluated by Immunohistochemical technique are Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (Her 2/neu) and Cyclin E. The results showed a positive significant correlation (p = 0.017) between Ca 27.29 and Her-2/neu, (p = 0.038) between IL-6 and cyclin E phenotype, (p = 0.051) between TNF-α and Cyclin E intensity, (p = 0.005) between HE4 and Her-2/neu, and negative significant correlation (p = 0.058) between IL-10 and ER score and (p = 0.045) between HE4 with Cyclin E intensity. We conclude from these correlations that positive correlations increasing disease progression, like correlation between Ca 27.29 and Her-2/neu, cyclin E with IL-6 and cyclin E with TNF-α. And the negative correlations may contribute to delay disease, like correlation between IL-10 and ER. From the correlations results in this study, it is clear that the Ca 27.29, Her-2 / neu, cyclin E markers play an important role in disease progression

The Role of Saline Enema in Reduction of Intussusception Under Ultra Sonographic Guide a Study of 40 Patients in Alkarama Teaching Hospital

Background: enema reduction of the intussusception under US guide is widely used as a useful alternative to surgical management. This procedure is simple with no radiational effect , less complication rate with good outcome and the parents can stay with their child during the whole procedure. Aim of study : We tried to present our experience in HRIUSG by the use of normal saline enema and to evaluate its safety, outcome and to identify the risk variables for enema failure. Methodology : From the 1st of June 2016 to 1st of January 2017, we received about 45 children at children welfare hospital (medical city complex) that confirmed sonographically to have intussusception. Five patients were excluded from the study because of contraindications (peritonitis, perforation and shock). 40 children were developed enema reduction under sonographic guide. Results : From 40 children underwent HRIUSG their age presentation range from 3 months to 32 month, 67.4 % had respiratory infection while 32.6 % had gastroenteritis. We had a successful rate about 79 % with a median of 1 trial and only 3 patients (9.3 %) developed recurrence within 1st 24 hr. from the 9 patients underwent surgery we had 8 patients had manual reduction and one patient underwent resection of the bowel. Only 3 patients had PLP. 1 patient ( 2.3% ) was reported to have complication ( perforation over sewn ). Age , gender , duration of symptoms not significantly affect the outcome P value < 0.05 while bleeding with stool, initial mass in the left colon and rectum , presence of free fluid and more trial numbers were a bad prognostic factors for enema failure . Conclusion: 1. HRIUSG is simple, safe, less costly, practical, less messy ,no radiational exposure with a low complication rate 2. Age, gender, Duration of symptoms did not affect the outcome significantly. 3. Although bleeding with stool, left colon intussusception mass and free peritoneal fluid is a risk factor for failure of HRIUSG but they are not absolute contraindication. 4. The better scenario for enema reduction success is a patient presented with symptoms < 24 hr. with no bleeding stool and a mass in the cecum and ascending colon with no free peritoneal fluid. Keywords: saline enema; reduction; intussusception ; ultrasound guide . DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/73-04 Publication date: April 30th 202

The Value of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Pediatric Age Group

BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergency condition in pediatric age group that need admission to pediatric surgery unit for emergent operation of appendectomy . Any delayed in the diagnosis and operation lead to very serious outcome ,including perforation , abscess formation and appendiceal mass formation and other complications which may lead to high mortality and morbidity rate in case of absence timely performed operation of appendectomy . Ultrasound (USG)is one of the most helpful and informative tool in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.it is simple , fast , available and with less complications of ionizing radiation that may associated with other modality of radiological methods , like CT . Aims of the study Evaluate the role of USG examination in :- 1-diagnosis of children with suspected appendicitis 2-defining the sensitivity , specificity and the accuracy rate of acute appendicitis in pediatric age group. 3-Decreasing the normal appendectomy in pediatric age group/. patients and method This prospective study has been achieved in the central child teaching hospital in Baghdad during the period from February 2015 to December 2015, that enrolled 110 patients that were admitted pediatric surgery Center in Central Child Hospital in Baghdad who were complained from right lower abdominal pain and acute appendicitis was highly suspected at time of examination .USG examination had been done to these patients. Result Clinical presentation and USG criteria of acute appendicitis had been found in 57 cases out of 110 patients , and those underwent appendectomy operation in the Central Child Teaching Hospital in Baghdad . Unvisualization of appendix or normal ultrasonography criteria had been found in 53 patients. 6 patients out of the those of 53 patients with negative USG finding underwent appendectomy operation due to persistence of clinical finding, 3 of them were with normal appendix while the 3 others were with inflamed appendix according to histopathological examination. The other 47 patients from 53 cases who were complain from right lower abdominal pain, but with negative USG findings , kept for observation for 24 hours and then discharged home with follow up these cases by clinical examination and USG once weekly for 2 weeks. The overall result of a study is as follow :- Specificity = 100% Sensitivity = 95% Accuracy rate =97.27% Positive predictive value =100% negative predictive value = 50% conclusion ultrasonographic examination have effective role in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pediatric age group. Keywords:Acute appendicitis , ultrasonogaphy in acute appendicitis , sensitivity , specificity , accuracy rate. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/73-06 Publication date: April 30th 202

Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Rubberized Reactive Powder Concrete Beams under Repeated Loads

Non-biodegradability of rubber tires contributes to pollution and fire hazards in the natural environment. In this study, the flexural behavior of the Rubberized Reactive Powder Concrete (RRPC) beams that contained various proportions and sizes of scrap tire rubber was investigated and compared to the flexural behavior of the regular RPC. Fresh properties, hardened properties, load-deflection relation, first crack load, ultimate load, and crack width are studied and analyzed. Mixes were made using micro steel fiber of the straight type, and they had an aspect ratio of 65. Thirteen beams were tested under two loading points (Repeated loading) with small-scale beams (1100 mm, 150 mm, 100 mm) size. The fine aggregate is replaced by 5, 10, and 15%, respectively, with crumb rubber. While replacement of silica fume was 10, 20, 30, and 50%, respectively, with very fine rubber. Also, chip rubber was added to the mixture as coarse aggregate with 5, 10, and 15%. Five tested beams were chosen as case studies to analyze and compare the results of the ABAQUS software with the experimental results. The results showed that the flexural behavior of RRPC beams that contains rubber was acceptable when compared with the flexural behavior of the RPC beam (depending on load-carrying capacity). The crack width was decreased by including waste rubber and steel fibers. There is a satisfactory agreement between the results of the numerical analysis and the results of the experimental testing. Slight ultimate load differences are targeted between the effects of the monotonic loading and the repeated loading.

Study of Certain Biomarkers in Iraqi Female Patients with Breast Cancer

صممت الدراسة الحالية لتحديد بعض الماركرات في العراقيات المصابات بسرطان الثدي . تضمنت الدراسة 30 مريضة جمعت عيناتهم النسجية من مستشفى مدينه الطب و بعض المختبرات الاهلية في بغداد بعد موافقة المريضة نفسها و بأستخدام تقنية الكيمياء النسجية المناعية لتحديد هذه الماركرات . اوضحت النتائج علاقة معنوية طردية p ( 0.000 ) بين ماركي النسيج ER و PR و علاقة معنوية طردية p ( 0.000 ) اخرى بين cyclin E phenotype و cyclin E intensity . مما يوضح اهمية هذه الماركرات لسرطان الثدي .The prospective study has been designed to determine some biomarkers in Iraqi female patients withbreast cancer. The current study contained 30 patients whose tissue samples have been collected fromhospitals in Medical City in Baghdad after consent patients themselves and used immunohistochemicaltechnique to determine these markers. The results showed a significant correlation between ER and PR tissuemarkers (Sig = 0.000) and a significant correlation between cyclin E phenotype and cyclin E intensity (Sig =0.001)

Development of Highways Management Systems in Iraq

The highways in Iraq need to be reviewed and evaluated urgently because of the poor condition of the roads, the lack of maintenance and the lack of services. This study provides specific criteria for assessing the condition of the road and determining the level at which it needs to intervene and perform maintenance. The study also proposes a new system for road management in Iraq, which contributes to providing the necessary funds for the continuity of maintenance work and the provision of services that contribute to the convenience of road users. Six criteria were determined to evaluate the efficiency of the road by conducting a survey of the opinions of engineers and academics specialized in the field of roads and these criteria are (Safety, Road Condition, Geometric Design, Cost, Services and Environment) and using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions Program (SPSS) a model was found that links road quality with these criteria. The Toll Road System (TRS) was proposed to collect tolls from road users. This system was compared with the current system in road management in Iraq using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) program, and the TRS was considered satisfactory by 75% of the sample surveyed

Design a system for an approved video copyright over cloud based on biometric iris and random walk generator using watermark technique

Copyright is a tool for preventing anyone forged to copy an electronic work from another person and claim that electronic work is referred to him. Since the identity of the person is always determined by his name and biometrics, there is a concern to handle this information, to preserve the copyright. In this paper, a new idea for copyright technology is used to prove video copyright, by using blind watermarking technique, the ownership information is hidden inside video frames using linear congruential generator (LCG) for adapted the locations of vector features extracted from the name and biometric image of the owner instead of hidden the watermark in the Pseudo Noise sequences or any other feature extraction technique. When providing the watermarked vector, a statistical operation is used to increase randomization state for the amplifier factors of LCG function. LCG provides random positions where the owner's information is stored inside the video. The proposed method is not difficult to execute and can present an adaptable imperceptibility and robustness performance. The output results show the robustness of this approach based on the average PSNR of frames for the embedded in 50 frames is around 47.5 dB while the watermark remains undetectable. MSSIM values with range (0.83 to 0.99)

E-learning in the Cloud Computing Environment: Features, Architecture, Challenges and Solutions

The need to constantly and consistently improve the quality and quantity of the educational system is essential. E-learning has emerged from the rapid cycle of change and the expansion of new technologies. Advances in information technology have increased network bandwidth, data access speed, and reduced data storage costs. In recent years, the implementation of cloud computing in educational settings has garnered the interest of major companies, leading to substantial investments in this area. Cloud computing improves engineering education by providing an environment that can be accessed from anywhere and allowing access to educational resources on demand. Cloud computing is a term used to describe the provision of hosting services on the Internet. It is predicted to be the next generation of information technology architecture and offers great potential to enhance productivity and reduce costs. Cloud service providers offer their processing and memory resources to users. By paying for the use of these resources, users can access them for their calculations and processing anytime and anywhere. Cloud computing provides the ability to increase productivity, save information technology resources, and enhance computing power, converting processing power into a tool with constant access capabilities. The use of cloud computing in a system that supports remote education has its own set of characteristics and requires a unique strategy. Students can access a wide variety of instructional engineering materials at any time and from any location, thanks to cloud computing. Additionally, they can share their materials with other community members. The use of cloud computing in e-learning offers several advantages, such as unlimited computing resources, high scalability, and reduced costs associated with e-learning. An improvement in the quality of teaching and learning is achieved through the use of flexible cloud computing, which offers a variety of resources for educators and students. In light of this, the current research presents cloud computing technology as a suitable and superior option for e-learning systems

Evaluating Postoperative Prognosis: A Single Surgeon\u27s Experience With Total Mesorectal Excision in Middle and Lower Rectal Cancer Cases in Iraq

INTRODUCTION: Surgical intervention for rectal cancer is widely recognized for its potential to significantly impact quality of life, chiefly due to the high probability of permanent colostomy and the associated postoperative complications. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term outcomes and morbidity associated with total mesorectal excision for middle and lower rectal cancer within an Iraqi cohort, in a prospective setting. METHODS: This study prospectively collected and analyzed data from 89 patients who underwent a standardized radical rectal resection, with a follow-up period extending to one month post-surgery. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 54.4 ± 12.9 years, with a gender distribution of 46 males and 43 females. A total of 33 patients presented with preoperative comorbidities, which heightened the risk of adverse short-term outcomes by a factor of 7.51. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes mellitus, affecting 22 and 20 patients, respectively. Patients aged 60 years and above were at a 3.97 times greater risk of developing complications. The overall complication rate was 21.35%, with wound infections (9.0%) and cardiovascular events (3.4%) being the most common. Mortality during the follow-up was 1.1%. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that increased age and the presence of comorbidities are significant risk factors for morbidity and mortality post-surgery. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy was shown to reduce morbidity and mortality rates while improving survival. The morbidity and mortality rates observed in this study concur with existing literature