Antibacterial efficacy of some essential oils in combination with locally used disinfectants against clinical and environmental strains of Staphylococcus spp.

Through a period of three months ( October to December, 2014), 37 clinical and environmental Staphylococcus isolates were collected from three different hospitals in Baghdad (Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Fattima-AL-Zahra Hospital for Pediatric and Obstetricand AL-Kindi Teaching Hospital), 25(67.57%) isolates were from clinical specimens and 12(32.43%) isolates were from hospital environment. out of 37 isolates, 28(75.68%) isolates were Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CONS) while 9 (24.32%) isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase-positive staphylococci). Three different disinfectants commonly used in our hospitals were tested to determine the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus isolates and the result in showed a high level resistance of Staphylococcus isolates to the disinfectants under test when used alone. The result also showed that the concentrated SURFANIOS and Sekulyse disinfectants were more effective on the Staphylococcus isolates under test in comparison to the diluted concentration of those disinfectants. Antibacterial activity of Syzygium aromaticum (cloves oil), Eucalyptus globules (calptus oil) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary oil) was done in different concentrations (100, 50, 25 and 12,25 mg/ml) for each essential oil. The findings revealed that the cloves oil is the only essential oil which had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus spp.strains in the 100,50and 25 mg/ml concentrations, while the other two essential oils have no antibacterial activity against studied isolates. The antibacterial activity of essential oils in combination with disinfectants against Staphylococci strains were observed using agar well diffusion method and the result showed that the essential oils in combination with disinfectants showed considerably more antibacterial activity than the essential oils and disinfectants alone when compared with them

Investigation of Virulence Factors in Microbial Organisms that Associated with Public Health Risk Isolates from Different Environmental Regions

Infectious diseases caused by infected tools in the environments are threaten to the safety and public health. Transmission sources of these infectious diseases are unknown, but it is thought that non-living materials called fomites, are the major source of acquired infections. Three hundred and one swabs were taken from different sources and cultured on blood agar to study heamolysis ability of isolated bacteria. In this study, MacConkey agar was used to isolate Gram-negative bacteria and Sabouraud agar (SDA) to isolate fungi. The biofilm formation test was done by Congo red plate assay. 41 (13.6%) bacterial isolates were obtained and (18.27%) of fungi were isolated on Sabouraud agar (SDA). Staphylococcus aureus was the more frequent bacterial species that isolated in this study. 29% of samples showed hemolysin activity on blood agar and 32%of the isolates were biofilm- producer. Results revealed that (7.9%) of Gram-negative bacteria harbored the fimH gene, (9%) harbored the icaA were Gram-positive and 6.3 % of fungal samples had HWP1 gene. Furthermore, (9.3%) from the total samples are bacterial samples harbored hla gene belong to Staphylococcus spp. Furthermore, (5.07%) of tested samples possessed hlyA gene were Gram-negative bacteria. We found in our study that infectious organisms can be transmitted from one individual to another by fomites responsible for acquired infection