INFLUENCE OF MULTIENZYME PREPARATIONS ON PRODUCTION RESULTSAND ON SELECTED BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS IN THE BLOOD OF PIGS FROM 10 TO 24 KG BODY MASS

Abstract Vrandic N., L. Rupic, V. Ba(!ar-Huskic, S. Bogdan, M. Dominis-Kramaric: Influence of Multienzyme Preparations on Production Results and on Selected Biochemical Indicators in the Blood of Pigs from 10 to 24 kg Body Mass. Acta vet. Bmo 1995,64: 235-242. Nutritional effects of two multienzyme preparations (PLIV A and Kemzyme) on the production and selected biochemical parameters in the blood of pigs weighing between 9.8 and 24 kg were studied during a period of 28 days. Yorkshire and Swedish Landrace crossbreds of 9.8 kg starting body mass were used. A total of 54 pigs were divided in three groups, a control (C) and two trial (TI and T2 ) groups with 18 pigs (9 males and 9 females) in each. They were fed the same starter diet. The control group received no enzyme supplement while the first group (TI) received the multienzyme preparation made by PLIVA and the second group (T2) was given a multienzyme preparation, Kemzyme (Kemin, Iowa, USA). Both diets (TI and T2) contained 0.1% of the multienzyme preparations. Pigs were kept in boxes and offered water and feed ad libitum. Nutritional parameters were measured at the end of the trial (after 28 days), while blood plasma biochemical parameters were ascertained on days I, 14 and 28. Pigs in the control group (C) and in both trial groups (T I and T 2) reached comparable average daily gains and average finishing body mass within the 28 days under study. The control group (e) consumed 10.9% more feed than the group T I (PLIV A multienzyme preparation), and 4.53% more feed than the groupT 2 (Kemzyme) during the 28 trial days. Both experimental groups fed diets enriched with multienzyme additives PLIV A or Kemzyme, had better food conversion than the control (C) group. No adverse effects of multienzyme preparations by PLIV A or Kemzyme on health status of pigs was found as indicated by biochemical analyses. Neither death nor sickness occurred during the trial. Nutrition, blood plasma, protein, lipid, glucose, AST, ALT, enzyme additives Although research of the effect of different enzyme additions to the feed of domestic animals started in the 1960's, many questions have not been answered and many problems have not been solved yet. Enzymes used in animal feed are mostly of bacterial (genus Bacillus) or fungal (genuses Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium) origin (In borr 1989). Although enzymes are of various origin, molecular weight and amino acid sequences, they have similar effects on the digestive tract of animals. Enzyme activities depend on environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, activating substrate, inhibitors, and other factors that induce chemical reactions in the digestive tract. The effect of the addition of enzymes to animal feed is tightly connected to the species and age of animal, to the meal composition, and to the kind and number of enzymes in certain enzyme preparation. Trial results confirmed that the nutritive effect of enzymatic preparations is greater in young animals in which the entire enzyme system of digestive tract is not fully in function yet, especially when the fodder containing large portions of vegetable origin of smaller nutritive value is fed. In young pigs the enzymatic system is not fully developed, so that feeding the weaned piglets weighing about 10 kg with powdered food often results in reduced gain and onset of diarrhoe

Verschleißminderung an Schmiedegesenken mittels Kombinationsbehandlungen bestehend aus einer Plasmanitrierung und PACVD-Viellagenbeschichtung

In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden Schmiedegesenke mittels eines Duplexverfahrens, das aus einer Plasmanitrierung und einer PACVD-Viellagenbeschichtung aus TiN-TiCN-TiC besteht, behandelt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es den Verschleißwiederstand der Schmiedegesenke zu erhöhen. Die Beschichtungen wurden mit einem modularen und flexiblen Anlagenkonzept durchgeführt, das die Kombination verschiedenster Vakuumbehandlungsmethoden erlaubt. Die Plasmanitrierung wurde so durchgeführt, dass eine einheitliche Nitrierhärtetiefe von 0,18 mm (Werkstoff-Nr: 1.2365) bzw. 0,16 mm (Werkstoff-Nr: 1.2367) erzielt wurde. Bei diesen Nitrierbedingungen wurde die Bildung einer Verbindungsschicht verhindert. Die Anzahl der TiN-TiCN-TiC-Schichtlagen wurde zwischen drei und siebenundzwanzig variiert. Der höchste Verschleißwiederstand wurde bei Schmiedegesenken festgestellt die mit 27 Schichtlagen beschichtete wurden, wobei die Gesamtschichtdicke 3,4 µm betrug