Pathogenicity of the H1N1 influenza virus enhanced by functional synergy between the NPV100I and NAD248N pair

By comparing and measuring covariations of viral protein sequences from isolates of the 2009 pH1N1 influenza A virus (IAV), specific substitutions that co-occur in the NP-NA pair were identified. To investigate the effect of these co-occurring substitution pairs, the V100I substitution in NP and the D248N substitution in NA were introduced into laboratory-adapted WSN IAVs. The recombinant WSN with the covarying NPV100I-NAD248N pair exhibited enhanced pathogenicity, as characterized by increased viral production, increased death and inflammation of host cells, and high mortality in infected mice. Although direct interactions between the NPV100I and NAD248N proteins were not detected, the RNA-binding ability of NPV100I was increased, which was further strengthened by NAD248N, in expression-plasmid- transfected cells. Additionally, the NAD248N protein was frequently recruited within lipid rafts, indirectly affecting the RNA-binding ability of NP as well as viral release. Altogether, our data indicate that the covarying NPV100I-NAD248N pair obtained from 2009 pH1N1 IAV sequence information function together to synergistically augment viral assembly and release, which may explain the observed enhanced viral pathogenicity. © 2019 Kim et al.11Ysciescopu

Quality Characteristics of Irradiated Chicken Breast Rolls from Broilers Fed Different Levels of Conjugated Linoleic Acid

Dietary CLA treatment reduced color a*- and b*-values of cooked chicken breast rolls. Sensory panels rated the color of cooked chicken rolls with CLA treatments darker than the control. The production of CO in cooked chicken rolls increased dramatically after irradiation and was correlated with the increased redness of cooked chicken rolls after irradiation. Irradiation greatly increased volatile production and induced a metallic off-flavor in chicken rolls. The hardness of chicken rolls increased and juiciness decreased as the dietary level of CLA increased, and consumer preferred the color of cooked chicken rolls after irradiation to the nonirradiated ones. Although dietary CLA was somewhat positive in reducing pinkness, but negatively influenced to the eating quality of irradiated cooked chicken rolls

Some intuitionistic fuzzy congruences

First, we introduce the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy group congruence and we obtain the characterizations of intuitionistic fuzzy group congruences on an inverse semigroup and a T * -pure semigroup, respectively. Also, we study some properties of intuitionistic fuzzy group congruence. Next, we introduce the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy semilattice congruence and we give the characterization of intuitionistic fuzzy semilattice congruence on a T * -pure semigroup. Finally, we introduce the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy normal congruence and we prove that (IFNC(E S ), ∩, ∨) is a complete lattice. And we find the greatest intuitionistic fuzzy normal congruence containing an intuitionistic fuzzy congruence on E S

Universal Resistances of the Quantum RC circuit

We examine the concept of universal quantized resistance in the AC regime through the fully coherent quantum RC circuit comprising a cavity (dot) capacitively coupled to a gate and connected via a single spin-polarized channel to a reservoir lead. As a result of quantum effects such as the Coulomb interaction in the cavity and global phase coherence, we show that the charge relaxation resistance $R_q$ is identical for weak and large transmissions and it changes from $h/2e^2$ to $h/e^2$ when the frequency (times $\hbar$) exceeds the level spacing of the cavity; $h$ is the Planck constant and $e$ the electron charge. For large cavities, we formulate a correspondence between the charge relaxation resistance $h/e^2$ and the Korringa-Shiba relation of the Kondo model. Furthermore, we introduce a general class of models, for which the charge relaxation resistance is universal. Our results emphasize that the charge relaxation resistance is a key observable to understand the dynamics of strongly correlated systems.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Kondo effect in crossed Luttinger liquids

We study the Kondo effect in two crossed Luttinger liquids, using Boundary Conformal Field Theory. We predict two types of critical behaviors: either a two-channel Kondo fixed point with a nonuniversal Wilson ratio, or a new theory with an anomalous response identical to that found by Furusaki and Nagaosa (for the Kondo effect in a single Luttinger liquid). Moreover, we discuss the relevance of perturbations like channel anisotropy, and we make links with the Kondo effect in a two-band Hubbard system modeled by a channel-dependent Luttinger Hamiltonian. The suppression of backscattering off the impurity produces a model similar to the four-channel Kondo theory.Comment: 7 pages, RevteX, to be published in Physical Review

Numerical Determination of the Avalanche Exponents of the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld Model

We consider the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile model on a two-dimensional square lattice of lattice sizes up to L=4096. A detailed analysis of the probability distribution of the size, area, duration and radius of the avalanches will be given. To increase the accuracy of the determination of the avalanche exponents we introduce a new method for analyzing the data which reduces the finite-size effects of the measurements. The exponents of the avalanche distributions differ slightly from previous measurements and estimates obtained from a renormalization group approach.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure