Systematic review of the effects of exercise and physical activity on the gut microbiome of older adults

Recent evidence suggests that exercise/physical activity (PA) can beneficially alter the gut microbiome composition of young people, but little is known about its effects in older adults. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize results of human studies that have assessed the effects/associations of PA/exercise on the gut microbiome of older adults and to better understand whether this can help promote healthy ageing. Seven studies were included in the review and overall, exercise and increased amounts of PA were associated with decreases in the abundance of several well-known harmful taxa and increases in the abundance of health-promoting taxa. Altogether, the findings from the included studies suggest that exercise/PA have a beneficial impact on the gut health of older adults by improving the gut microbiome composition. However, due to methodological and sampling disparities, it was not possible to reach a consensus on which taxa were most affected by exercise or PA

A reinforcement learning agent for head and neck intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Head and neck (HN) cancers pose a difficult problem in the planning of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment. The primary tumor can be large and asymmetrical, and multiple organs at risk (OARs) with varying dose-sparing goals lie close to the target volume. Currently, there is no systematic way of automating the generation of IMRT plans, and the manual options face planning quality and long planning time challenges. In this article, we present a reinforcement learning (RL) model for the purposes of providing automated treatment planning to reduce clinical workflow time as well as providing a better starting point for human planners to modify and build upon. Several models with progressing complexity are presented, including the relevant plan dosimetry analysis and model interpretations of the resulting strategies learned by the auto-planning agent. Models were trained on a set of 40 patients and validated on a set of 20 patients. The presented models are shown to be consistent with the requirements of an RL model to be underpinned by a Markov decision process (MDP). In-depth interpretability of the models is presented by examination of the decision space using action hyperplanes. The auto-planning agent was able to generate plans with superior reduction in the mean dose of the left and right parotid glands by approximately 7 Gy ± 2.5 Gy (p < 0.01) over a starting, static template plan with only pre-defined general prescription information. RL plans were comparable to a human expert’s clinical plans for the primary (44 Gy), boost (26 Gy) , and the summed plans (70 Gy) with p-values of 0.43, 0.72, and 0.67, respectively, for the dosimetric endpoints and uniform target coverage normalization. The RL planning agent was able to produce the plans used in validation in an average of 13.58 min, with a minimum and a maximum planning time of 2.27 and 44.82 min, respectively

4-[5-(4-Pyrid­yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridine N-oxide–isophthalic acid (1/1)

The title compound, C12H8N4O2·C8H6O4, was synthesized from 4-[5-(4-pyrid­yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridine N-oxide and isophthalic acid. The two mol­ecules are linked through O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. Weak intra­molecular π–π inter­actions between the two hydrogen-bonded chains result in the formation a one-dimensional supra­molecular curved tape (the face-to-face distance between the pyridine N-oxide ring and the benzene ring is 3.7 Å)

AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 Regulates Compound Leaf Patterning by Directly Repressing PALMATE-LIKE PENTAFOLIATA1 Expression in Medicago truncatula

[EN] Diverse leaf forms can be seen in nature. In Medicago truncatula, PALM1 encoding a Cys(2) His(2) transcription factor is a key regulator of compound leaf patterning. PALM1 negatively regulates expression of SGL1, a key regulator of lateral leaflet initiation. However, how PALM1 itself is regulated is not yet known. To answer this question, we used promoter sequence analysis, yeast one-hybrid tests, quantitative transcription activity assays, ChIP-PCR analysis, and phenotypic analyses of overexpression lines and mutant plants. The results show that M. truncatula AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (MtARF3) functions as a direct transcriptional repressor of PALM1. MtARF3 physically binds to the PALM1 promoter sequence in yeast cells. MtARF3 selectively interacts with specific auxin response elements (AuxREs) in the PALM1 promoter to repress reporter gene expression in tobacco leaves and binds to specific sequences in the PALM1 promoter in vivo. Upregulation of MtARF3 or removal of both PHANTASTICA (PHAN) and ARGONAUTE7 (AGO7) pathways resulted in compound leaves with five narrow leaflets arranged in a palmate-like configuration. These results support that MtARF3, in addition as an adaxial-abaxial polarity regulator, functions to restrict spatiotemporal expression of PALM1, linking auxin signaling to compound leaf patterning in the legume plant M. truncatula.Funding of this work was provided in part by The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation and by grants from the Oklahoma Center for Advancement of Science and Technology (OCAST; PS12-036 and PS16-034) and the National Science Foundation (IOS-1127155). The laboratory of FM was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and FEDER (BIO2015-64307-R) and the Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP2012-099).Peng, J.; Berbel Tornero, A.; Madueño Albi, F.; Chen, R. (2017). AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 Regulates Compound Leaf Patterning by Directly Repressing PALMATE-LIKE PENTAFOLIATA1 Expression in Medicago truncatula. Frontiers in Plant Science. 8:1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01630S1158Adenot, X., Elmayan, T., Lauressergues, D., Boutet, S., Bouché, N., Gasciolli, V., & Vaucheret, H. (2006). DRB4-Dependent TAS3 trans-Acting siRNAs Control Leaf Morphology through AGO7. Current Biology, 16(9), 927-932. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.035Allen, E., Xie, Z., Gustafson, A. M., & Carrington, J. C. (2005). microRNA-Directed Phasing during Trans-Acting siRNA Biogenesis in Plants. Cell, 121(2), 207-221. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.04.004Barkoulas, M., Hay, A., Kougioumoutzi, E., & Tsiantis, M. (2008). A developmental framework for dissected leaf formation in the Arabidopsis relative Cardamine hirsuta. Nature Genetics, 40(9), 1136-1141. doi:10.1038/ng.189Ben-Gera, H., Shwartz, I., Shao, M.-R., Shani, E., Estelle, M., & Ori, N. (2012). ENTIRE and GOBLET promote leaflet development in tomato by modulating auxin response. The Plant Journal, 70(6), 903-915. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04939.xByrne, M. E., Barley, R., Curtis, M., Arroyo, J. M., Dunham, M., Hudson, A., & Martienssen, R. A. (2000). Asymmetric leaves1 mediates leaf patterning and stem cell function in Arabidopsis. Nature, 408(6815), 967-971. doi:10.1038/35050091Champagne, C. E. M., Goliber, T. E., Wojciechowski, M. F., Mei, R. W., Townsley, B. T., Wang, K., … Sinha, N. R. (2007). Compound Leaf Development and Evolution in the Legumes. The Plant Cell, 19(11), 3369-3378. doi:10.1105/tpc.107.052886Chen, J., Moreau, C., Liu, Y., Kawaguchi, M., Hofer, J., Ellis, N., & Chen, R. (2012). Conserved genetic determinant of motor organ identity in Medicago truncatula and related legumes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(29), 11723-11728. doi:10.1073/pnas.1204566109Chen, J., Yu, J., Ge, L., Wang, H., Berbel, A., Liu, Y., … Chen, R. (2010). Control of dissected leaf morphology by a Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger transcription factor in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(23), 10754-10759. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003954107Cheng, X., Peng, J., Ma, J., Tang, Y., Chen, R., Mysore, K. S., & Wen, J. (2012). NO APICAL MERISTEM (MtNAM) regulates floral organ identity and lateral organ separation in Medicago truncatula. New Phytologist, 195(1), 71-84. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04147.xDharmasiri, N., Dharmasiri, S., & Estelle, M. (2005). The F-box protein TIR1 is an auxin receptor. Nature, 435(7041), 441-445. doi:10.1038/nature03543Emery, J. F., Floyd, S. K., Alvarez, J., Eshed, Y., Hawker, N. P., Izhaki, A., … Bowman, J. L. (2003). Radial Patterning of Arabidopsis Shoots by Class III HD-ZIP and KANADI Genes. Current Biology, 13(20), 1768-1774. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2003.09.035Fahlgren, N., Montgomery, T. A., Howell, M. D., Allen, E., Dvorak, S. K., Alexander, A. L., & Carrington, J. C. (2006). Regulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 by TAS3 ta-siRNA Affects Developmental Timing and Patterning in Arabidopsis. Current Biology, 16(9), 939-944. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.065Fukushima, K., & Hasebe, M. (2013). Adaxial–abaxial polarity: The developmental basis of leaf shape diversity. genesis, 52(1), 1-18. doi:10.1002/dvg.22728Garcia, D., Collier, S. A., Byrne, M. E., & Martienssen, R. A. (2006). Specification of Leaf Polarity in Arabidopsis via the trans-Acting siRNA Pathway. Current Biology, 16(9), 933-938. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.064Ge, L., Chen, J., & Chen, R. (2010). Palmate-like pentafoliata1 encodes a novel Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger transcription factor essential for compound leaf morphogenesis in Medicago truncatula. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 5(9), 1134-1137. doi:10.4161/psb.5.9.12640Ge, L., & Chen, R. (2014). PHANTASTICA regulates leaf polarity and petiole identity inMedicago truncatula. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 9(3), e28121. doi:10.4161/psb.28121Ge, L., Peng, J., Berbel, A., Madueno, F., & Chen, R. (2013). Regulation of Compound Leaf Development by PHANTASTICA in Medicago truncatula. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 164(1), 216-228. doi:10.1104/pp.113.229914Hareven, D., Gutfinger, T., Parnis, A., Eshed, Y., & Lifschitz, E. (1996). The Making of a Compound Leaf: Genetic Manipulation of Leaf Architecture in Tomato. Cell, 84(5), 735-744. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81051-xHay, A. (2006). ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 and auxin activities converge to repress BREVIPEDICELLUS expression and promote leaf development in Arabidopsis. Development, 133(20), 3955-3961. doi:10.1242/dev.02545Hay, A., & Tsiantis, M. (2006). The genetic basis for differences in leaf form between Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relative Cardamine hirsuta. Nature Genetics, 38(8), 942-947. doi:10.1038/ng1835Hellens, R., Allan, A., Friel, E., Bolitho, K., Grafton, K., Templeton, M., … Laing, W. (2005). Plant Methods, 1(1), 13. doi:10.1186/1746-4811-1-13Hofer, J., Gourlay, C., Michael, A., & Ellis, T. H. N. (2001). Plant Molecular Biology, 45(4), 387-398. doi:10.1023/a:1010739812836Hofer, J., Turner, L., Hellens, R., Ambrose, M., Matthews, P., Michael, A., & Ellis, N. (1997). UNIFOLIATA regulates leaf and flower morphogenesis in pea. Current Biology, 7(8), 581-587. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00257-0Hunter, C. (2006). Trans-acting siRNA-mediated repression of ETTIN and ARF4 regulates heteroblasty in Arabidopsis. Development, 133(15), 2973-2981. doi:10.1242/dev.02491Ikezaki, M., Kojima, M., Sakakibara, H., Kojima, S., Ueno, Y., Machida, C., & Machida, Y. (2010). Genetic networks regulated byASYMMETRIC LEAVES1(AS1) andAS2in leaf development inArabidopsis thaliana:KNOXgenes control five morphological events. The Plant Journal, 61(1), 70-82. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.04033.xIwasaki, M., Takahashi, H., Iwakawa, H., Nakagawa, A., Ishikawa, T., Tanaka, H., … Machida, C. (2013). Dual regulation of ETTIN (ARF3) gene expression by AS1-AS2, which maintains the DNA methylation level, is involved in stabilization of leaf adaxial-abaxial partitioning in Arabidopsis. Development, 140(9), 1958-1969. doi:10.1242/dev.085365Kaufmann, K., Muiño, J. M., Østerås, M., Farinelli, L., Krajewski, P., & Angenent, G. C. (2010). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of plant transcription factors followed by sequencing (ChIP-SEQ) or hybridization to whole genome arrays (ChIP-CHIP). Nature Protocols, 5(3), 457-472. doi:10.1038/nprot.2009.244Kepinski, S., & Leyser, O. (2005). The Arabidopsis F-box protein TIR1 is an auxin receptor. Nature, 435(7041), 446-451. doi:10.1038/nature03542Kidner, C. A., & Timmermans, M. C. P. (2010). Signaling Sides. Plant Development, 141-168. doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(10)91005-3Koenig, D., Bayer, E., Kang, J., Kuhlemeier, C., & Sinha, N. (2009). Auxin patterns Solanum lycopersicum leaf morphogenesis. Development, 136(17), 2997-3006. doi:10.1242/dev.033811Kojima, S., Iwasaki, M., Takahashi, H., Imai, T., Matsumura, Y., Fleury, D., … Machida, C. (2011). ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 and Elongator, a Histone Acetyltransferase Complex, Mediate the Establishment of Polarity in Leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant and Cell Physiology, 52(8), 1259-1273. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcr083Li, Y., Liu, Z. B., Shi, X., Hagen, G., & Guilfoyle, T. J. (1994). An Auxin-Inducible Element in Soybean SAUR Promoters. Plant Physiology, 106(1), 37-43. doi:10.1104/pp.106.1.37Lincoln, C., Long, J., Yamaguchi, J., Serikawa, K., & Hake, S. (1994). A knotted1-like homeobox gene in Arabidopsis is expressed in the vegetative meristem and dramatically alters leaf morphology when overexpressed in transgenic plants. The Plant Cell, 6(12), 1859-1876. doi:10.1105/tpc.6.12.1859Long, J. A., Moan, E. I., Medford, J. I., & Barton, M. K. (1996). A member of the KNOTTED class of homeodomain proteins encoded by the STM gene of Arabidopsis. Nature, 379(6560), 66-69. doi:10.1038/379066a0Montgomery, T. A., Howell, M. D., Cuperus, J. T., Li, D., Hansen, J. E., Alexander, A. L., … Carrington, J. C. (2008). Specificity of ARGONAUTE7-miR390 Interaction and Dual Functionality in TAS3 Trans-Acting siRNA Formation. Cell, 133(1), 128-141. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.033Nakata, M., & Okada, K. (2013). The Leaf Adaxial-Abaxial Boundary and Lamina Growth. Plants, 2(2), 174-202. doi:10.3390/plants2020174Pekker, I., Alvarez, J. P., & Eshed, Y. (2005). Auxin Response Factors Mediate Arabidopsis Organ Asymmetry via Modulation of KANADI Activity. The Plant Cell, 17(11), 2899-2910. doi:10.1105/tpc.105.034876Peng, J., & Chen, R. (2011). Auxin efflux transporter MtPIN10 regulates compound leaf and flower development inMedicago truncatula. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 6(10), 1537-1544. doi:10.4161/psb.6.10.17326Peng, J., Yu, J., Wang, H., Guo, Y., Li, G., Bai, G., & Chen, R. (2011). Regulation of Compound Leaf Development in Medicago truncatula by Fused Compound Leaf1, a Class M KNOX Gene. The Plant Cell, 23(11), 3929-3943. doi:10.1105/tpc.111.089128Ramakers, C., Ruijter, J. M., Deprez, R. H. L., & Moorman, A. F. . (2003). Assumption-free analysis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data. Neuroscience Letters, 339(1), 62-66. doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)01423-4Shani, E., Burko, Y., Ben-Yaakov, L., Berger, Y., Amsellem, Z., Goldshmidt, A., … Ori, N. (2009). Stage-Specific Regulation of Solanum lycopersicum Leaf Maturation by Class 1 KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX Proteins. The Plant Cell, 21(10), 3078-3092. doi:10.1105/tpc.109.068148Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M., & Kumar, S. (2007). MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24(8), 1596-1599. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm092Tattersall, A. D., Turner, L., Knox, M. R., Ambrose, M. J., Ellis, T. H. N., & Hofer, J. M. I. (2005). The Mutant crispa Reveals Multiple Roles for PHANTASTICA in Pea Compound Leaf Development. The Plant Cell, 17(4), 1046-1060. doi:10.1105/tpc.104.029447Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G., & Gibson, T. J. (1994). CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research, 22(22), 4673-4680. doi:10.1093/nar/22.22.4673Ulmasov, T. (1997). ARF1, a Transcription Factor That Binds to Auxin Response Elements. Science, 276(5320), 1865-1868. doi:10.1126/science.276.5320.1865Ulmasov, T., Murfett, J., Hagen, G., & Guilfoyle, T. J. (1997). Aux/IAA proteins repress expression of reporter genes containing natural and highly active synthetic auxin response elements. The Plant Cell, 9(11), 1963-1971. doi:10.1105/tpc.9.11.1963Ulmasov, T., Liu, Z. B., Hagen, G., & Guilfoyle, T. J. (1995). Composite structure of auxin response elements. The Plant Cell, 7(10), 1611-1623. doi:10.1105/tpc.7.10.1611Vernoux, T., Brunoud, G., Farcot, E., Morin, V., Van den Daele, H., Legrand, J., … Traas, J. (2011). The auxin signalling network translates dynamic input into robust patterning at the shoot apex. Molecular Systems Biology, 7(1), 508. doi:10.1038/msb.2011.39Waites, R., Selvadurai, H. R. N., Oliver, I. R., & Hudson, A. (1998). The PHANTASTICA Gene Encodes a MYB Transcription Factor Involved in Growth and Dorsoventrality of Lateral Organs in Antirrhinum. Cell, 93(5), 779-789. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81439-7Wang, H., Chen, J., Wen, J., Tadege, M., Li, G., Liu, Y., … Chen, R. (2008). Control of Compound Leaf Development by FLORICAULA/LEAFY Ortholog SINGLE LEAFLET1 in Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiology, 146(4), 1759-1772. doi:10.1104/pp.108.117044Xu, L., Yang, L., Pi, L., Liu, Q., Ling, Q., Wang, H., … Huang, H. (2006). Genetic Interaction between the AS1–AS2 and RDR6–SGS3–AGO7 Pathways for Leaf Morphogenesis. Plant and Cell Physiology, 47(7), 853-863. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcj057Yamaguchi, T., Nukazuka, A., & Tsukaya, H. (2012). Leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity specification and lamina outgrowth: evolution and development. Plant and Cell Physiology, 53(7), 1180-1194. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcs074Zhou, C., Han, L., Fu, C., Wen, J., Cheng, X., Nakashima, J., … Wang, Z.-Y. (2013). The Trans-Acting Short Interfering RNA3 Pathway and NO APICAL MERISTEM Antagonistically Regulate Leaf Margin Development and Lateral Organ Separation, as Revealed by Analysis of an argonaute7/lobed leaflet1 Mutant in Medicagotruncatula. The Plant Cell, 25(12), 4845-4862. doi:10.1105/tpc.113.117788Zhou, C., Han, L., Hou, C., Metelli, A., Qi, L., Tadege, M., … Wang, Z.-Y. (2011). Developmental Analysis of a Medicago truncatula smooth leaf margin1 Mutant Reveals Context-Dependent Effects on Compound Leaf Development. The Plant Cell, 23(6), 2106-2124. doi:10.1105/tpc.111.085464Zhu, J.-Y., Sun, Y., & Wang, Z.-Y. (2011). Genome-Wide Identification of Transcription Factor-Binding Sites in Plants Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Followed by Microarray (ChIP-chip) or Sequencing (ChIP-seq). Plant Signalling Networks, 173-188. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-809-2_1

Increase of Albinistic Hosts Caused by Gut Parasites Promotes Self-Transmission

Paranosema locustae is a gut parasite that has been applied widely in the control of grasshoppers in many parts of the world. Usually, P. locustae is transmitted horizontally via passive modes under natural conditions but in the current study, a positive transmission strategy of P. locustae was demonstrated. First, infection by P. locustae resulted in the cuticula of infected Locusta migratoria nymphs to become lighter in color: normally only a small proportion of locusts are pale with most either being partly or mostly black; but locusts infected with P. locustae became pale. And it was found that the change to pale occurred even among uninfected black and partly black nymphs reared with infected locusts. The eumelanin of the thorax and abdomen of infected individuals decreased significantly, as did the level of dopamine. In addition, there was a decrease in phenol oxidase activity and the expression of henna and pale, which are involved in the synthesis of cuticle melanin, decreased. What is the ecological significance of this increase in light-colored hosts caused by P. locustae? We discovered that light-colored locusts were more susceptible to the microsporidian pathogen than dark-colored individuals were, because of their weaker melanization. Phenol oxidase activity in pale locusts was lower than that of black locusts, but the serpin expression level of pale locusts was higher than that of black individuals. When examined for infection, it was found that initially uninfected nymphs had picked up P. locustae infections indicating that infections are readily passed from one pale locust to another. The infection rate of healthy locusts reared with light-colored locusts infected with P. locustae was 100% which was more than with black-colored ones. The increase in albinistic locusts clearly promoted the prevalence of P. locustae in the total population. In conclusion, these results elucidated a new strategy of positive self-transmission in P. locustae.Importance:Mother Nature always grants wisdom to her creatures and feeds them carefully. This wisdom is particularly apparent in the relationships between two interacting species. In this study, our team focused on the interaction between L. migratoria and P. locustae. In a previous study, it was found that L. migratoria isolate infected individuals, reducing avoiding the spread of P. locustae, in a previous study. The solitary, pale individuals infected by P. locustae were left behind as locust groups marched ahead, leading to a kind of behavioral immunity in the insects. Here, we reported that P. locustae promotes pigmentation loss in L. migratoria, causing a larger proportion of light-colored individuals, and these lighter individuals which possessed weaker immunity against pathogens. This strategy is advantageous to P. locustae, as it promotes its propagation and spread. These extraordinary abilities of L. migratoria and P. locustae have accumulated over millennia of years of interaction

Multifrequency Strategies for the Identification of Gamma-Ray Sources

More than half the sources in the Third EGRET (3EG) catalog have no firmly established counterparts at other wavelengths and are unidentified. Some of these unidentified sources have remained a mystery since the first surveys of the gamma-ray sky with the COS-B satellite. The unidentified sources generally have large error circles, and finding counterparts has often been a challenging job. A multiwavelength approach, using X-ray, optical, and radio data, is often needed to understand the nature of these sources. This chapter reviews the technique of identification of EGRET sources using multiwavelength studies of the gamma-ray fields.Comment: 35 pages, 22 figures. Chapter prepared for the book "Cosmic Gamma-ray Sources", edited by K.S. Cheng and G.E. Romero, to be published by Kluwer Academic Press, 2004. For complete article and higher resolution figures, go to: http://www.astro.columbia.edu/~muk/mukherjee_multiwave.pd

Air gap membrane distillation: A detailed study of high saline solution

An experimental study is used to examine the effect of high concentration of several salts, i.e., NaCl, MgCl2, Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 on permeate flux and rejection factor by air gap membrane distillation (AGMD). A comparative study involving three different membrane pore sizes (0.2, 0.45 and 1.0 μm) were performed to investigate the influence of pore size on energy consumption, permeate flux and rejection factor. The permeate flux decline is higher than that predicted from the vapour pressure reduction. Furthermore, the energy consumption was monitored at different membrane pore size and was found to be increased when the concentration increased

Slowly rotating charged black holes in anti-de Sitter third order Lovelock gravity

In this paper, we study slowly rotating black hole solutions in Lovelock gravity (n=3). These exact slowly rotating black hole solutions are obtained in uncharged and charged cases, respectively. Up to the linear order of the rotating parameter a, the mass, Hawking temperature and entropy of the uncharged black holes get no corrections from rotation. In charged case, we compute magnetic dipole moment and gyromagnetic ratio of the black holes. It is shown that the gyromagnetic ratio keeps invariant after introducing the Gauss-Bonnet and third order Lovelock interactions.Comment: 14 pages, no figur