Insect chemistry and chirality

Examination of the chemistry of a number of Australian insect species provided examples of unusual structures and encouraged determinations of their absolute stereochemistry by stereocontrolled syntheses and chromatographic comparisons. Inter alia, studies with the fruit-spotting bug (Amblypelta nitida), certain parasitic wasps (Biosteres sp.), the aposematic shield bug (Cantao parentum), and various species of scarab grubs are summarized. The determination of enantiomeric excesses (ee's) for component epoxides, lactones, spiroacetals, and allenes are described. Stereochemical and related aspects of the biosynthesis of spiroacetals in certain fruit-fly species (Bactrocerae sp.) are also presented

Interactions macro- et microcirculatoires dans le choc

Microcirculatory alterations, frequently observed in shock states, are associated with the development of multiple organ failure and death. These microcirculatory alterations occur even when systemic hemodynamic variables are within resuscitation goals. In this review, we discuss the link between the microcirculation and systemic hemodynamics. Several studies suggested that microvascular perfusion may be dependent from systemic hemodynamics in severely hypotensive patients. However, the threshold of blood pressure at which this occurs is not well defined and it is difficult to define which mean arterial pressure target should be reached. The microcirculation is usually independent of systemic hemodynamics in the usual range of systemic hemodynamic values encountered when resuscitation targets are met. Fluids and vasoactive agents affect the microcirculation independently of their systemic effects. © 2013 Société de réanimation de langue française (SRLF) and Springer-Verlag France.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe