5,804 research outputs found
The Landscape of Singapore’s Insurance Contract Law: Initial Findings on the Use of Authorities of Reported Singapore Judgments regarding Insurance Disputes from 1965 to 2010
Flavors and Phases in Unparticle Physics
Inspired by the recent Georgi's unparticle proposal, we study the flavor
structures of the standard model (SM) particles when they couple to
unparticles. At a very high energy scale, we introduce \BZ charges for the SM
particles, which are universal for each generation and allow \BZ fields to
distinguish flavor generations. At the \Lambda_{\UP} scale, \BZ operators
and charges are matched onto unparticle operators and charges, respectively. In
this scenario, we find that tree flavor changing neutral currents (FCNCs) can
be induced by the rediagonalizations of the SM fermions. As an illustration, we
employ the Fritzsch ansatz to the SM fermion mass matrices and we find that the
FCNC effects could be simplified to be associated with the mass ratios denoted
by , where is the mass of the heaviest
particle in each type of fermion generations and are the flavor indices.
In addition, we show that there is no new CP violating phase beside the unique
one in the CKM matrix. We use as examples to
display the new FCNC effects. In particular, we demonstrate that the direct CP
asymmetries in the decays can be due to the peculiar CP conserving
phase in the unparticle propagator.Comment: 1+14 pages, 2 figures, version to appear in Phys. Lett.
Characterization for entropy of shifts of finite type on Cayley trees
The notion of tree-shifts constitutes an intermediate class in between
one-sided shift spaces and multidimensional ones. This paper proposes an
algorithm for computing of the entropy of a tree-shift of finite type.
Meanwhile, the entropy of a tree-shift of finite type is for some , where is a Perron number. This
extends Lind's work on one-dimensional shifts of finite type. As an
application, the entropy minimality problem is investigated, and we obtain the
necessary and sufficient condition for a tree-shift of finite type being
entropy minimal with some additional conditions
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