Not all flavor expertise is equal : The language of wine and coffee experts

People in Western cultures are poor at naming smells and flavors. However, for wine and coffee experts, describing smells and flavors is part of their daily routine. So are experts better than lay people at conveying smells and flavors in language? If smells and flavors are more easily linguistically expressed by experts, or more "codable", then experts should be better than novices at describing smells and flavors. If experts are indeed better, we can also ask how general this advantage is: do experts show higher codability only for smells and flavors they are expert in (i.e., wine experts for wine and coffee experts for coffee) or is their linguistic dexterity more general? To address these questions, wine experts, coffee experts, and novices were asked to describe the smell and flavor of wines, coffees, everyday odors, and basic tastes. The resulting descriptions were compared on a number of measures. We found expertise endows a modest advantage in smell and flavor naming. Wine experts showed more consistency in how they described wine smells and flavors than coffee experts, and novices; but coffee experts were not more consistent for coffee descriptions. Neither expert group was any more accurate at identifying everyday smells or tastes. Interestingly, both wine and coffee experts tended to use more source-based terms (e.g., vanilla) in descriptions of their own area of expertise whereas novices tended to use more evaluative terms (e.g., nice). However, the overall linguistic strategies for both groups were en par. To conclude, experts only have a limited, domain-specific advantage when communicating about smells and flavors. The ability to communicate about smells and flavors is a matter not only of perceptual training, but specific linguistic training too

Do agile managed information systems projects fail due to a lack of emotional intelligence?

YesAgile development methodologies (ADM) have become a widely implemented project management approach in Information Systems (IS). Yet, along with its growing popularity, the amount of concerns raised in regard to human related challenges caused by applyingADMare rapidly increasing. Nevertheless, the extant scholarly literature has neglected to identify the primary origins and reasons of these challenges. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine if these human related challenges are related to a lack of Emotional Intelligence (EI) by means of a quantitative approach. Froma sample of 194 agile practitioners, EI was found to be significantly correlated to human related challenges in agile teams in terms of anxiety, motivation, mutual trust and communication competence. Hence, these findings offer important new knowledge for IS-scholars, project managers and human resource practitioners, about the vital role of EI for staffing and training of agile managed IS-projects

Shandong Yunhe quan tu.

Scale ca. 1:120,000.Title from box cover.Oriented with north to the left.Pen-and-ink and watercolor.Relief shown pictorially.Pictorial map.Shows the Grand Canal in Shandong Province.Hummel purchase 1934, no. 5.Includes text

Hai jiang yang jie xing shi quan tu.

Scale ca. 1:760,000.Oriented with north to the right.Relief shown pictorially.Pictorial map.Hummel gift 1962, no. 5.Insets: Huan hai quan tu -- Qi sheng yan hai quan tu -- Qiongzhou tu -- Penghu tu -- Taiwan tu -- Taiwan hou shan tu.Includes text

Xin'an Xian he tu.

Scale ca. 1:25,000.Shows rivers in Xin'an Xian, Henan Province.Cover title.Manuscript on silk.Labels pasted on to show physical features.Oriented with north to the bottom.Relief shown pictorially.Pictorial map.Includes text.Hummel purchase 1934, no. 24

[Ming shi san ling tu].

Perspective map not drawn to scale.Title supplied.Manuscript on silk.Brush-and-ink and watercolor.Oriented with north toward the upper right.Relief shown pictorially.Bird's-eye view.Shows the sites of the 13 Ming emperors' tombs and their environs, including the Great Wall and its strategic gates near Beijing.Hummel purchase 1930, no. 17.Includes descriptive notes

Laizhou Fu Changyi Xian cheng yuan tu.

Scale ca. 1:5,000.Title from verso.Pictorial map.Pen-and-ink and watercolor.Hummel purchase 1930, no. 28