Crime And Criminal Justice: Applied Research From Routine Monitoring To Evidence-Based Practices

Applied research has been at, and remains at, the heart of the fields of criminology and criminal justice since the days of the moral statisticians. This article examines some of the history of applied research in these fields, and the roles of government, university-based, and nonuniversity-based researchers. The impact of different sources of funding and the challenges that funding produce to the integrity of applied research are canvassed. Particular attention is paid to applied research in the areas of prevention, intervention, and evaluation studies. The development of evidence-based practices, implementation research, and translational research is also covered as part of the evolution of applied research in criminal justice and criminology. Exemplars in the areas of corrections and policing are offered to highlight the continuing development of this important aspect of the application of social science research to applied problems

A survey of maternity policies and pregnancy accommodations in American police departments

As police organizations in the United States accommodate pregnancy through the adoption and the implementation of disability and maternity policies, managers must negotiate the institutional pressures and organizational conflicts inherent to allocating resources. This study establishes a record of maternity policies in US agencies and indicates that maternity leave has morphed into family leave, with agencies reporting resources invested in paternity leave, and shared family leave. While prior research has suggested a lack of policy in American police departments, this research confirms that maternity and light duty policies have been established