18. A. Longinelli, E. Selmo

The collared lemming in the high-Arctic tundra in Greenland is preyed upon by four species of predators that show marked differences in the numbers of lemmings each consumes and in the dependence of their dynamics on lemming density. A predatorprey model based on the field-estimated predator responses robustly predicts 4-year periodicity in lemming dynamics, in agreement with long-term empirical data. There is no indication in the field that food or space limits lemming population growth, nor is there need in the model to consider those factors. The cyclic dynamics are driven by a 1-year delay in the numerical response of the stoat and stabilized by strongly density-dependent predation by the arctic fox, the snowy owl, and the long-tailed skua

Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of Extinction and Ignition of Methyl Decanoate in Laminar Nonpremixed Flows

Methyl decanoate is a large methyl ester that can be used as a surrogate for biodiesel. In this experimental and computational study, the combustion of methyl decanoate is investigated in nonpremixed, nonuniform flows. Experiments are performed employing the counterflow configuration with a fuel stream made up of vaporized methyl decanoate and nitrogen, and an oxidizer stream of air. The mass fraction of fuel in the fuel stream is measured as a function of the strain rate at extinction, and critical conditions of ignition are measured in terms of the temperature of the oxidizer stream as a function of the strain rate. It is not possible to use a fully detailed mechanism for methyl decanoate to simulate the counterflow flames because the number of species and reactions is too large to employ with current flame codes and computer resources. Therefore a skeletal mechanism was deduced from a detailed mechanism of 8555 elementary reactions and 3036 species using 'directed relation graph' method. This skeletal mechanism has only 713 elementary reactions and 125 species. Critical conditions of ignition were calculated using this skeletal mechanism and are found to agree well with experimental data. The predicted strain rate at extinction is found to be lower than the measurements. In general, the methyl decanoate mechanism provides a realistic kinetic tool for simulation of biodiesel fuels

Nationaler Energie- und Klimaplan (NEKP) für Österreich - Wissenschaftliche Bewertung der in der Konsultation 2023 vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen [National Energy and Climate Plan (NEKP) for Austria - Scientific assessment of the measures proposed in the 2023 consultation]

Um den globalen Klimawandel zu bremsen, seine Auswirkungen abzumildern und eine nach-haltige Zukunft für junge und zukünftige Generationen zu gestalten, sind internationale Koor-dination sowie umfassende nationale Umsetzungspläne für Klimamaßnahmen unerlässlich. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat das Bundesministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie, Mobi-lität, Innovation und Technologie (BMK) nach Einbindung der relevanten anderen österreichi-schen Bundesministerien Ende Juni 2023 den Entwurf eines integrierten nationalen Energie- und Klimaplans (NEKP) für Österreich (Periode 2021-2030) vorgelegt. Dieser Entwurf stand im Sommer 2023 zur Kommentierung offen, um eine breite Beteiligung von öffentlichen und privaten Institutionen und Personen sicherzustellen. In order to slow down global climate change, mitigate its effects and shape a sustainable future for young and future generations, international coordination and comprehensive national implementation plans for climate measures are essential. Against this background, the Federal Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology (BMK), after involving the relevant other Austrian federal ministries, presented the draft of an integrated national energy and climate plan (NEKP) for Austria at the end of June 2023 ( Period 2021-2030). This draft was open for comment in summer 2023 to ensure broad participation from public and private institutions and individuals

The role of renal hypoperfusion in development of renal microcirculatory dysfunction in endotoxemic rats

To study the role of renal hypoperfusion in development of renal microcirculatory dysfunction in endotoxemic rats. Rats were randomized into four groups: a sham group (n = 6), a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (n = 6), a group in which LPS administration was followed by immediate fluid resuscitation which prevented the drop of renal blood flow (EARLY group) (n = 6), and a group in which LPS administration was followed by delayed (i.e., a 2-h delay) fluid resuscitation (LATE group) (n = 6). Renal blood flow was measured using a transit-time ultrasound flow probe. Microvascular perfusion and oxygenation distributions in the renal cortex were assessed using laser speckle imaging and phosphorimetry, respectively. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured as markers of systemic inflammation. Furthermore, renal tissue samples were stained for leukocyte infiltration and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the kidney. LPS infusion worsened both microvascular perfusion and oxygenation distributions. Fluid resuscitation improved perfusion histograms but not oxygenation histograms. Improvement of microvascular perfusion was more pronounced in the EARLY group compared with the LATE group. Serum cytokine levels decreased in the resuscitated groups, with no difference between the EARLY and LATE groups. However, iNOS expression and leukocyte infiltration in glomeruli were lower in the EARLY group compared with the LATE group. In our model, prevention of endotoxemia-induced systemic hypotension by immediate fluid resuscitation (EARLY group) did not prevent systemic inflammatory activation (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) but did reduce renal inflammation (iNOS expression and glomerular leukocyte infiltration). However, it could not prevent reduced renal microvascular oxygenatio

HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider – Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100 km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the third volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the hadron collider FCC-hh. It summarizes the FCC-hh physics discovery opportunities, presents the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and staged operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the FCC-hh design aims at significantly extending the energy frontier to 100 TeV. Its unprecedented centre-of-mass collision energy will make the FCC-hh a unique instrument to explore physics beyond the Standard Model, offering great direct sensitivity to new physics and discoveries

FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched, as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This study covers a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee) and an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), which could, successively, be installed in the same 100 km tunnel. The scientific capabilities of the integrated FCC programme would serve the worldwide community throughout the 21st century. The FCC study also investigates an LHC energy upgrade, using FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the second volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the electron-positron collider FCC-ee. After summarizing the physics discovery opportunities, it presents the accelerator design, performance reach, a staged operation scenario, the underlying technologies, civil engineering, technical infrastructure, and an implementation plan. FCC-ee can be built with today’s technology. Most of the FCC-ee infrastructure could be reused for FCC-hh. Combining concepts from past and present lepton colliders and adding a few novel elements, the FCC-ee design promises outstandingly high luminosity. This will make the FCC-ee a unique precision instrument to study the heaviest known particles (Z, W and H bosons and the top quark), offering great direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics