Synthesis-enabled exploration of chiral and polar multivalent quaternary sulfides

An innovative method of synthesis is reported for the large and diverse (RE)6(TM)x(Tt)2S14 (RE = rare-earth, TM = transition metals, Tt = Si, Ge, and Sn) family of compounds (∼1000 members, ∼325 contain Si), crystallizing in the noncentrosymmetric, chiral, and polar P63 space group. Traditional synthesis of such phases involves the annealing of elements or binary sulfides at elevated temperatures. The atomic mixing of refractory components technique, presented here, allows the synthesis of known members and vastly expands the family to nearly the entire transition metal block, including 3d, 4d, and 5d TMs with oxidation states ranging from 1+ to 4+. Arc-melting of the RE, TM, and tetrel elements of choice forms an atomically-mixed precursor, which readily reacts with sulfur providing bulk powders and large single crystals of the target quaternary sulfides. Detailed in situ and ex situ experiments show the mechanism of formation, which involves multiphase binary sulfide intermediates. Crystal structures and metal oxidation states were corroborated by a combination of single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, EPR, NMR, and SQUID magnetometry. The potential of La6(TM)x(Tt)2S14 compounds for non-linear optical applications was also demonstrated.This article is published as Akopov, Georgiy, Nethmi W. Hewage, Philip Yox, Gayatri Viswanathan, Shannon J. Lee, Liam P. Hulsebosch, Sarah D. Cady et al. "Synthesis-enabled exploration of chiral and polar multivalent quaternary sulfides." Chemical Science 12, no. 44 (2021): 14718-14730. DOI: 10.1039/D1SC03685H. Copyright 2021 The Author(s). Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0). DOE Contract Number(s): Ames Laboratory LDRD; BES DMSE; SULI; AC02-07CH11358; AC02-06CH11357. Posted with permission