HOG-ESRs Face Emotion Recognition Algorithm Based on HOG Feature and ESRs Method

As we all know, there are many ways to express emotions. Among them, facial emotion recognition, which is widely used in human–computer interaction, psychoanalysis of mental patients, multimedia retrieval, and other fields, is still a challenging task. At present, although convolutional neural network has achieved great success in face emotion recognition algorithms, it has a rising space in effective feature extraction and recognition accuracy. According to a large number of literature studies, histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) can effectively extract face features, and ensemble methods can effectively improve the accuracy and robustness of the algorithm. Therefore, this paper proposes a new algorithm, HOG-ESRs, which improves the traditional ensemble methods to the ensembles with shared representations (ESRs) method, effectively reducing the residual generalization error, and then combining HOG features with ESRs. The experimental results on the FER2013 dataset show that the new algorithm can not only effectively extract features and reduce the residual generalization error, but also improve the accuracy and robustness of the algorithm, the purpose of the study being achieved. The application of HOG-ESRs in facial emotion recognition is helpful to solve the symmetry of edge detection and the deficiency of related methods in an outdoor lighting environment

Investigation on the allergen claims of pre-packaged food in China

Objective To investigate the current status of allergen claims in the label of prepackaged foods in China, and to provide suggestions for the revision of the General Rules for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods. Methods Sampling or photographing was performed in large and medium-sized supermarkets across the country, allergen claims information on pre-packaged food were collected, various food allergen claims were analyzed. Results A total of 8 694 samples were included. The overall identification rate of allergen claims was 21.58% (1 876/8 694). The percentage of foods containing allergens claims in bakery foods was the highest (65.73%, 468/712). Among the allergens, the highest rate of claims was milk and dairy (17.09%, 1 486/8 694). The most frequent claims were "may contain", "this streamline also produces", "this processing equipment also produces", and "this plant also processes" which indicated the presence of cross-contaminations, and those claims were mainly in bakery foods, puffed foods, grains and their products. Conclusion There were many types of food allergens in pre-packaged foods in China. The use of allergen claim was not standardized, and their were too many cross-contamination claims. In general, allergen claims were widely used in food products and should become the focus of allergens management in China

Determination of Taurine in Quadriceps Femoris by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Precolumn Derivatization

A method for determination of taurine in mouse quadriceps femoris by high performance liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization ophthalaldehyde (OPA) was established. The sample was extracted and treated with canon exchange resin. Results showed that taurine in quadriceps femoris was separated and quantified on C18 reversed phase column by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) after derivatization with OPA in 3min, using mixture of methanol and phosphate （V/V＝1:1，pH＝4.9） as mobile phase, rate of flow is 0.6mL/min, detecting at 340nm by UV-detector, L-Glutamine as internal standard. The result showed that the linear ranger of taurine was 6.25-187.7ng/mL, correlation coefficient R2=0.9994, the recoveries were 91.8%-101.8%, RSD=3.2% (n=6). The retention time of taurine is 7.32 min. The concentration of taurine in mouse quadriceps femoris is 3.18mg/g. The protein and amino acid were separated by sample pre-treatment. The method is of good separation effect, simple, reliable, and can be used to analyze the taurine concentration in mammal tissue

Melatonin treatment maintains the quality and delays senescence of postharvest cattails (Typha latifolia L.) during cold storage

Melatonin treatment was investigated for the sensory quality and senescence in postharvest cattails (Typha latifolia L.) during cold storage. The 0.75 mM melatonin treatment reduced surface browning and delaying lignification of Cattails stored at 4 °C. The results showed that melatonin treatment slowed weight loss and firmness, maintained sensory quality and reducing sugar content. Melatonin treatment reduced browning by inhibiting the increase of MDA and H2O2 contents and POD activity. Melatonin treatment maintained high non-enzymatic antioxidant components (Vitamin C and total phenolic content) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and APX), thereby alleviating the browning and senescence of postharvest cattails. These findings indicate that melatonin treatment can maintain postharvest cattails quality

Disparity in risk factors of ischemic stroke in four coastal-area hospitals in China

Background: Currently, ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death in China. To compare regional differences of ischemic stroke, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke in four regionally representative hospitals in China. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at four tertiary hospitals in east China, with regionally representative patients. The associated factors include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia and a combination of these factors. The standardized ratio (SR), estimated as the observed number divided by the expected number, computed as the sum of predicted probabilities from a multivariable logistic regression model derived using data from all other cities, was used to compare to average levels. Results: A total of 34,707 patients were included. The number of patients increased with age in all four hospitals and patients were predominantly male. The number of ischemic stroke cases with related factors increased with age, except for hyperlipidemia. There was no significant gender difference when multiple related factors existed simultaneously. Coronary heart disease had a more significant impact on ischemic stroke in Qingdao Municipal Hospital and the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, while hyperlipidemia had a significant influence on ischemic stroke in the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao. Conclusions: At four hospitals in east China, with the increase of age, the risk factors associated with ischemic stroke increased, and the distribution of ischemic stroke-related factors showed regional differences

Associations between Serum Betaine, Methyl-Metabolizing Genetic Polymorphisms and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study in Community-Dwelling Chinese Adults

Previous studies have explored associations between betaine and diabetes, but few have considered the effects of genes on them. We aimed to examine associations between serum betaine, methyl-metabolizing genetic polymorphisms and the risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults. This prospective study comprised 1565 subjects aged 40–75 without type 2 diabetes at baseline. Serum betaine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Genotyping of methyl-metabolizing genes was detected by Illumina ASA-750K arrays. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a median of 8.9 years of follow-up, 213 participants developed type 2 diabetes. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of serum betaine, those in the highest quartile had lower risk of type 2 diabetes, adjusted HRs (95%CIs) was 0.46 (0.31, 0.69). For methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) G1793A (rs2274976) and MTHFR A1298C (rs1801131), participants carrying 1793GA + AA and 1298AC + CC had lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Interactions of serum betaine and genotype of MTHFR G1793A and MTHFR A1298C could be found influencing type 2 diabetes risk. Our findings indicate that higher serum betaine, mutations of MTHFR G1793A and A1298C, as well as the joint effects of them, are associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes

Cav3.2 T-Type calcium channels downregulation attenuates bone cancer pain induced by inhibiting IGF-1/HIF-1α signaling pathway in the rat spinal cord

Background: Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most ubiquitous and refractory symptoms of cancer patients that needs to be urgently addressed. Substantial studies have revealed the pivotal role of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in chronic pain, however, its involvement in BCP and the specific molecular mechanism have not been fully elucidated. Methods: The expression levels of Cav3.2, insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were detected by Western blot in tissues and cells. X-ray and Micro CT used to detect bone destruction in rats. Immunofluorescence was used to detect protein expression and spatial location in the spinal dorsal horn. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay used to verify the interaction between HIF-1α and Cav3.2. Results: The results showed that the expression of Cav3.2 channel was upregulated and blockade of this channel alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in BCP rats. Additionally, inhibition of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling not only reversed the BCP-induced upregulation of Cav3.2 and HIF-1α, but also decreased nociceptive hypersensitivity in BCP rats. Inhibition of IGF-1 increased Cav3.2 expression levels, which were abolished by pretreatment with HIF-1α siRNA in PC12 cells. Furthermore, nuclear HIF-1α bound to the promoter of Cav3.2 to regulate the Cav3.2 transcription level, and knockdown of HIF-1α suppresses the IGF-1-induced upregulation of Cav3.2 and pain behaviors in rats with BCP. Conclusion: These findings suggest that spinal Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels play a central role during the development of bone cancer pain in rats via regulation of the IGF-1/IGF-1R/HIF-1α pathway