Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the morphology of head-tail radio galaxies based on magnetic tower jet model

The distinctive morphology of head-tail radio galaxies reveals strong interactions between the radio jets and their intra-cluster environment, the general consensus on the morphology origin of head-tail sources is that radio jets are bent by violent intra-cluster weather. We demonstrate in this paper that such strong interactions provide a great opportunity to study the jet properties and also the dynamics of intra-cluster medium (ICM). By three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations, we analyse the detailed bending process of a magnetically dominated jet, based on the magnetic tower jet model. We use stratified atmospheres modulated by wind/shock to mimic the violent intra-cluster weather. Core sloshing is found to be inevitable during the wind-cluster core interaction, which induces significant shear motion and could finally drive ICM turbulence around the jet, making it difficult for jet to survive. We perform detailed comparison between the behaviour of pure hydrodynamical jets and magnetic tower jet, and find that the jet-lobe morphology could not survive against the violent disruption in all of our pure hydrodynamical jet models. On the other hand, the head-tail morphology is well reproduced by using a magnetic tower jet model bent by wind, in which hydrodynamical instabilities are naturally suppressed and the jet could always keep its integrity under the protection of its internal magnetic fields. Finally, we also check the possibility for jet bending by shock only. We find that shock could not bend jet significantly, so could not be expected to explain the observed long tails in head-tail radio galaxies.Comment: submitted to ApJ on December 9, 2016, and accepted on March 1st, 201

Optimization Framework and Graph-Based Approach for Relay-Assisted Bidirectional OFDMA Cellular Networks

This paper considers a relay-assisted bidirectional cellular network where the base station (BS) communicates with each mobile station (MS) using OFDMA for both uplink and downlink. The goal is to improve the overall system performance by exploring the full potential of the network in various dimensions including user, subcarrier, relay, and bidirectional traffic. In this work, we first introduce a novel three-time-slot time-division duplexing (TDD) transmission protocol. This protocol unifies direct transmission, one-way relaying and network-coded two-way relaying between the BS and each MS. Using the proposed three-time-slot TDD protocol, we then propose an optimization framework for resource allocation to achieve the following gains: cooperative diversity (via relay selection), network coding gain (via bidirectional transmission mode selection), and multiuser diversity (via subcarrier assignment). We formulate the problem as a combinatorial optimization problem, which is NP-complete. To make it more tractable, we adopt a graph-based approach. We first establish the equivalence between the original problem and a maximum weighted clique problem in graph theory. A metaheuristic algorithm based on any colony optimization (ACO) is then employed to find the solution in polynomial time. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol together with the ACO algorithm significantly enhances the system total throughput.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, 2 table

Fast micro-differential evolution for topological active net optimization

This paper studies the optimization problem of topological active net (TAN), which is often seen in image segmentation and shape modeling. A TAN is a topological structure containing many nodes, whose positions must be optimized while a predefined topology needs to be maintained. TAN optimization is often time-consuming and even constructing a single solution is hard to do. Such a problem is usually approached by a ``best improvement local search'' (BILS) algorithm based on deterministic search (DS), which is inefficient because it spends too much efforts in nonpromising probing. In this paper, we propose the use of micro-differential evolution (DE) to replace DS in BILS for improved directional guidance. The resultant algorithm is termed deBILS. Its micro-population efficiently utilizes historical information for potentially promising search directions and hence improves efficiency in probing. Results show that deBILS can probe promising neighborhoods for each node of a TAN. Experimental tests verify that deBILS offers substantially higher search speed and solution quality not only than ordinary BILS, but also the genetic algorithm and scatter search algorithm

Clinical therapeutic effect of Fuming tablet for optic nerve function recovery after retinal detachment surgery

AIM: To evaluate the Fuming tablet's clinical therapeutic effect on the recovery of optic nerve function after the retinal detachment surgery.<p>METHODS: Group control study was performed in 60 cases of retinal detachment surgery in our hospital from Jan 2010 to Jan 2013. According to different treatments, these patients were divided into different group. Thirty patients underwent Fuming tablet treatment(observation group),whereas others received mecobalamin injection treatment(control group). All of these patients were followed-up for 6wk. During these processes, we were recording and analyzing their visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular fundus condition and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT).<p>RESULTS: The effective rate of visual acuity and ocular fundus in observation group were 90% and 97% respectively, and in control group were 77% and 80% respectively. The difference had statistically significance.(<i>P</i><0.01). Compared with control group, post-treatment a and b wave amplitude of observation group in dark adaptation and light adaptation have significant differences, as well as the difference of a and b wave amplitude in pre-treatment and post-treatment(<i>P</i><0.05). But intraocular pressure had not significantly statistical differences(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Fuming tablet can improve the absorption of fluid under retina after retinal detachment surgery, the recovery of optic nerve and visual function

Sorting out inherent features of head-to-head gene pairs by evolutionary conservation

BACKGROUND: A ‘head-to-head’ (h2h) gene pair is defined as a genomic locus in which two adjacent genes are divergently transcribed from opposite strands of DNA. In our previous work, this gene organization was found to be ancient and conserved, which subjects functionally related genes to transcriptional co-regulation. However, some of the biological features of h2h pairs still need further clarification. RESULTS: In this work, we assorted human h2h pairs into four sequentially inclusive sets of gradually incremental conservation, and examined whether those previously asserted features were conserved or sharpened in the more conserved h2h pair sets in order to identify the inherent features of the h2h gene organization. The features of TSS distance, expression correlation within h2h pairs and among h2h genes, transcription factor association and functional similarities of h2h genes were examined. Our conservation-based analyses found that the bi-directional promoters of h2h gene pairs are most likely shorter than 100 bp; h2h gene pairs generally have only significant positive expression correlation but not negative correlation, and remarkably high positive expression correlations exist among h2h genes, as well as between h2h pairs observed in our previous study; h2h paired genes tend to share transcription factors. In addition, expression correlation of h2h pairs is positively related with the TF-sharing and functional coordination, while not related with TSS distance. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings remove the uncertainties of h2h genes about TSS distance, expression correlation and functional coordination, which provide insights into the study on the molecular mechanisms and functional consequences of the transcriptional regulation based on this special gene organization

A single chemosensor for multiple analytes: fluorogenic and ratiometric absorbance detection of Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺ and F⁻, and its cell imaging

A simple coumarin based sensor 1 has been synthesized from the condensation reaction of 7-hydroxycoumarin and ethylenediamine via the intermediate 7-hydroxy-8-aldehyde-coumarin. As a multiple analysis sensor, 1 can monitor Zn²⁺ with the fluorescence enhanced at 457 nm, and ratiometric detection at 290 nm, 350 nm and 420 nm in DMF/H₂O (1/4, v/v) medium. Sensor 1 can also monitor Mg²⁺ with the fluorescence enhanced at 430 nm, and ratiometric detection at 290 nm, 370 nm and 430 nm in DMF medium through the interaction of chelation enhance fluorescence (CHEF) with metal ions. Furthermore, 1 also can monitor F⁻ with the fluorescence enhanced at 460 nm, and ratiometric detection at 290 nm and 390 nm in DMF medium simultaneously via hydrogen bonding and deprotonation with F− anion. Spectral titration, isothermal titration calorimetry and mass spectrometry revealed that the sensor formed a 1:1 complex with Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺ or F⁻, with stability constants of 4.5 × 10⁶, 3.4 × 10⁶, 8.0 × 10⁴ M⁻1 respectively. The complexation of the ions by 1 was an exothermic reaction driven by entropy processes. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits good membrane-permeability and was capable of monitoring at the intracellular Zn²⁺ level in living cells